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A  SELECTIVE  MICROFILM  EDITION 
PARTI 
(1850-1878) 


Thomas  E,  Jeffrey 

Microfilm  Editor  and  Associate  Editor 


Paul  B.  Israel 
Assistant  Editor 
Assistant  Editors: 
Toby  Appel 
Keith  A.  filer 
Andre  Millard 


Susan  Schultz 
Assistant  Editor 
Research  Associates: 
Robert  Rosenberg 
W.  Bernard  Carlson 


Student  Assistants 

John  Deasey  Pamela  Kwiatkowski 

Leonard  De  Graaf  Joseph  P.  Sullivan 

David  Fowler  Barbara  B.  Tomblin 

Leonard  S.  Reich,  Associate  Director  and  Associate  Editor 
Reese  V.  Jenkins,  Director  and  Editor 


Sponsors 

Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  New  Jersey 
National  Park  Service,  Edison  National  Historic  Site 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Smithsonian  Institution 


University  Publications  of  America 
Frederick,  Maryland 
1985 


-  used  with  peimission  of  McGraw  Edison  Company. 


Copyright  ©1985  by  Rutgers,  The  State  University 

All  Rights  Reserved.  No  part  of  this  publication  including  any  portion  of  the  guide  and  index  or  of  the 
microfilm  may  be  reproduced,  stored  in  a  retrieval  system,  or  transmitted  in  any  form  by  any  means— graphic, 
electronic,  mechanical,  or  chemical,  Including  photocopying,  recording  or  taping,  or  information  storage  and 
retrieval  systems— without  written  permission  of  Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  New  Jersey,  New  Brunswick, 
New  Jersey. 

The  original  documents  in  this  edition  are  from  the  archives  at  the  Edison  National  Historic  Site  at  West 
Orange,  New  Jersey. 


BOARD  OF  SPONSORS 


Rutgers,  The  State  University  of 
New  Jersey 

Edward  J.  Bloustein 
T.  Alexander  Pond 
Tilden  G.  Edelstein 
Richard  P.  McCormick 
James  Kirby  Martin 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Bernard  Bush 
Howard  Green 


National  Park  Service,  Edison 
National  Historic  Site 
Roy  W.  Weaver 
Edward  J.  Pershey 
William  Binnewies 
Lynn  Wightman 
Elizabeth  Albro 


EDITORIAL  ADVISORY  BOARD 

James  Brittain,  Georgia  Institute  of  Technology 
Alfred  D.  Chandler,  Harvard  University 
Neil  Harris,  University  of  Chicago 
Thomas  Parke  Hughes,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Arthur  Link,  Princeton  University 
Nathan  Reingold,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Robert  C.  Schofield,  Iowa  State  University 


CORPORATE  ASSOCIATES 

William  C.  Hittinger  (chairman),  RCA  Corporation 
‘Arthur  M.  Bueche,  General  Electric  Company 
Edward  J.  Bloustein,  Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  N  J. 
Cees  Bruynes,  North  American  Philips  Corporation 
Paul  J.  Christiansen,  Charles  Edison  Fund 
Philip  F.  Dietz,  Westinghouse  Electric  Corporation 
Paul  Lego,  Westinghouse  Electric  Corporation 
Roland  W.  Schmitt,  General  Electric  Corporation 
Robert  I.  Smith,  Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 
Harold  W.  Sonn,  Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 
Moms  Tanenbaum,  AT&T 


‘Deceased 


FINANCIAL  CONTRIBUTORS 


PRIVATE  FOUNDATIONS 
Alfred  P.  Sloan  Foundation 
Charles  Edison  Fund 
The  Hyde  and  Watson  Foundation 
Geraldine  R.  Dodge  Foundation 


PUBLIC  FOUNDATIONS 

National  Science  Foundation 
National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities 


PRIVATE  CORPORATIONS 
Alabama  Power  Company 
Amerada  Hess  Corporation 
AT&T 

Association  of  Edison  Illuminating  Companies 

Battelle  Memorial  Institute  Foundation 

The  Boston  Edison  Foundation 

Cabot  Corporation  Foundation 

Carolina  Power  and  Light  Company 

Consumers  Power  Company 

Coming  Glass  Works  Foundation 

Duke  Power  Company 

Edison  Electric  Institute 

Exxon  Corporation 

General  Electric  Foundation 

Gould  Inc.  Foundation 

Gulf  States  Utilities  Company 

The  Institute  of  Electrical  &  Electronics  Engineers 

International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers 

Iowa  Power  and  Light  Company 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  H.  Katz 


AND  INDIVIDUALS 

Matsushita  Electric  Industrial  Co.,  Ltd. 
McGrawEdison  Company 
Middle  South  Services,  Inc. 

Minnesota  Power 

New  Jersey  Bell  Telephone  Company 
New  York  State  Electric  &  Gas 
Corporation 

North  American  Philips  Corporation 
Philadelphia  Electric  Company 
Philips  International  B.V. 

Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 

RCA  Corporation 

Robert  Bosch  GmbH 

Savannah  Electric  and  Power  Company 

Schering  Plough  Foundation 

Texas  Utilities  Company 

ThomsonBrandt 

Transamerica  Delaval  Inc. 

Westinghouse  Educational  Foundation 
Wisconsin  Public  Service  Corporation 


PUBLICATION  AND  MICROFILM 
COPYING  RESTRICTIONS 

Reel  duplication  of  the  whole  or  of 
any  part  of  this  film  is  prohibited. 
In  lieu  of  transcripts,  however, 
enlarged  photocopies  of  selected 
items  contained  on  these  reels 
may  be  made  in  order  to  facilitate 
research. 


A  NOTE  ON  THE  SOURCES 


The  pages  which  were  microfilmed  for  this  collection 
are  in  generally  good  condition  in  the  original.  There 
are  some  pages,  however,  which  due  to  age  do  not 
reproduce  satisfactorily.  We  have  made  every 
technical  effort  to  ensure  complete  legibility  of  each 
and  every  page. 


Undated.  General  (NS-Undated-001) 


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PATENT  SERIES,  1871-1878 


The  Edison  National  Historic  Site  holds  a  wide  variety  of  patent- 
related  documents.  In  addition  to  a  complete  set  of  the  United  States 
patents  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  there  is  also  an  extensive  series  of  patent 
applications  filed  by  Edison  and  his  associates,  and  a  smaller  collection  of 
patent  caveats  (descriptions  of  proposed  inventions  that  were  often  filed 
prior  to  the  formal  patent  application).  Other  patent-related  materials  at 
ENHS  include  correspondence,  bills,  and  receipts  from  Edison's  patent 
attorneys;  correspondence  from  the  U.S.  Patent  Office  and  from  Edison's 
business  associates;  patents  assignments;  and  records  of  patent 
interferences  (similar  in  many  respects  to  civil  court  litigation). 

The  Patent  Series,  1871-1878,  consists  primarily  of  patent 
applications  and  caveats.  There  are  only  a  few  such  documents  at  ENHS 
for  the  1870s.  These  include  certified  copies  of  seven  abandoned 
applications  relating  to  improvements  in  duplex  telegraphy,  two  notebooks 
containing  copies  of  Edison  caveats,  and  a  small  number  of  tracings  and 
other  patent  drawings. 

Patent-related  materials  for  the  1870s  can  also  be  found  in  most  of 
the  other  series  on  the  microfilm.  Telegraph-  and  telephone-related 
applications  and  caveats  frequently  appear  as  exhibits  in  the  civil  court 
records  and  the  patent  interference  cases  in  the  Litigation  Series. 

Several  of  the  volumes  in  the  Notebook  Series  and  the  Letterbook  Series 
contain  drafts  of  applications  and  caveats,  while  notes  that  were  made 
preparatory  to  the  filing  of  patent  applications  can  frequently  be  found 
among  the  unbound  notes  and  drawings  in  the  Notebook  Series. 

The  various  "Patents"  folders  in  the  Document  File  contain  patent- 
related  correspondence,  as  well  as  a  few  unbound  applications  and 
caveats.  Preliminary  statements,  correspondence,  and  memoranda 
regarding  patent  interference  cases,  along  with  patent  assignments, 
agreements,  and  a  few  issued  patents  from  foreign  countries,  can  also  be 
found  in  these  folders. 

A  set  of  seven  bound  volumes  containing  testimony,  exhibits,  and 
arguments  involving  patent  rights  to  the  telephone  (the  "Telephone 
Interferences")  has  been  filmed  as  part  of  the  Litigation  Series.  A 
complete  set  of  the  1,093  patents  issued  to  Thomas  A.  Edison  has  been 
filmed  as  a  separate  series  in  the  microfilm  edition.  A  nearly  complete 
set  of  application  files  for  Edison's  issued  patents,  along  with  an  extensive 
collection  of  his  caveats,  can  be  found  at  the  National  Archives  in  Record 
Group  241,  Records  of  the  Patent  Office. 


The  documents  and  finding  aids  in  the  Patent  Series,  1871-1878, 
have  been  filmed  in  the  following  order: 

Patent  Applications 

1.  Lists  of  Patent  Applications  by  Case  Numbers  (1871-1877) 

2.  Abstracts  of  Edison's  Abandoned  Applications  (1876-1885) 

3.  Copies  of  Abandoned  Applications  (1873) 

4.  Patent  Application  Drawings  (1876-1878) 

Caveats 

1.  List  of  Caveats  (1870-1875) 

2.  Tissue  Copy  Book  (1874-1876) 

3.  Unbound  Notebook  (1874) 

4.  Caveat  Drawings  (1876-1878) 


PATENT  APPLICATIONS 


The  Edison  National  Historic  Site  holds  an  extensive  set  of 
earner  itt0rneys  and  *»te  from  the  188Cte  and  later.  For  the 


Lists  of  Patent  Applications  by  Case  Numbers 


The  following  two  lists  provide  a  partial  inventory  of  Edison's 
telegraph-related  patent  applications  for  the  years  1871-1877.  The  lists 
include  case  numbers  31-148  and  ten  additional  applications.  The  case 
numbers  were  assigned  to  the  applications  by  Edison  and  his  attorneys 
before  they  were  sent  to  the  Patent  Office. 

The  first  list,  covering  case  numbers  31-120  and  ten  unnumbered 
items,  appears  as  Defendants’  Exhibit  No.  40  in  the  printed  record  of 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  v.  George  B.  Prescott,  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  Lemuel  W.  Serrell.  and  Thomas  A.  Edison  -the 
so-called  Quadruplex  Case.  (See  Litigation  Series.)  This  list  gives  dates 
of  issue  and  patent  numbers  for  the  successful  applications,  along  with  the 
names  of  the  individuals  or  companies  to  whom  the  applications  were 
assigned. 

The  second  list,  covering  case  numbers  103-148,  is  printed  on  page 
108  in  the  volume  of  testimony  for  Edison  in  the  Telephone  Interferences, 
Cases  A  through  L  and  No.  1.  (See  Litigation  Series.) 


FROM  TELEPHONE  INTERFERENCES,  TESTIMONY 


EDISON 


Abstracts  of  Edison's  Abandoned  Applications 


These  nineteen  numbered  pages  contain  abstracts  of  more  than  one 
hundred  of  Edison's  abandoned  patent  applications,  covering  the  period 
1876-1885.  The  abstracts  are  in  the  hand  of  William  H.  Meadowcroft, 
Edison's  secretary.  The  SN-number  in  the  left  margin  is  the  serial  number 
assigned  by  the  Patent  Office.  The  abstracts  are  from  a  miscellaneous 
collection  of  materials  that  Meadowcroft  assembled  for  the  preparation 
of  Edison:  His  Life  and  Inventions  by  Frank  L.  Dyer  and  Thomas  C. 

Martin  (New  York,  1910).  The  1929  edition  of  the  biography  acknowledges 
Meadowcroft  as  a  co-author. 


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^4" 


Certified  Copies  of  Seven  Abandoned  Patent  Applications 


The  originals  of  these  seven  applications,  Cases  A  through  G,  for 
patents  covering  improvements  in  duplex  telegraph  apparatus  were  filed 
in  April  1873.  Case  H,  another  application  concerning  duplex  telegraphs 
(not  present  here),  was  filed  on  April  26,  1873.  All  eight  applications 
were  rejected  in  May  1873.  Although  some  of  these  applications  were 
subsequently  amended,  Cases  A  through  G  were  eventually  abandoned. 
Case  H  was  amended  in  May  1873  and  again  in  March  1875,  and  was  issued 
as  patent  number  162,633  on  April  27,  1875.  Between  1876  and  1878  this 
patent  became  the  subject  of  at  least  three  suits  involving  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  against  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  George 
Harrington.  (See  the  Quadruplex  Case  volumes  in  the  Litigation  Series.) 

These  certified  copies  of  Cases  A  through  G  were  obtained  from  the 
Patent  Office  on  April  11,  1907  to  be  used  as  exhibits  in  Master's 
proceedings  resulting  from  a  suit  brought  in  1876  by  George  Harrington 
and  Thomas  Edison  against  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company 
and  3ay  Gould  in  United  States  Circuit  Court,  Southern  District  of  New 
York.  On  December  20,  1906  the  Court  ordered  an  accounting  and 
appointed  a  Master  to  determine  damages  to  be  awarded  to  the 
Complainants  for  infringement  of  Edison  telegraph  patents.  Hearings 
before  the  Master  commenced  in  February  1907.  The  copies  of  the 
abandoned  patent  applications  were  introduced  as  Complainants' 
Accounting  Exhibits  numbers  67  through  73  on  April  29,  1907.  The  first 
page  of  each  application  contains  the  inscription  "C.A.Ex."  written  in  ink 
and  followed  by  the  exhibit  number.  The  applications  are  not  reproduced 
in  the  printed  record  of  the  proceedings  before  the  Master. 


9 — 389. 


mgxwm 


PATBUT  OFFICE. 


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3 


PETITION. 

To  the  CommiBBioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America:  j 

The  Petition-' of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the 
County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey 
Re8pectfullj<-  Represents  - 

That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  he li eves  has  ;riot.heen;3snown  .or 
used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof  by  your ■ petitioner. .He  there 
fore  prays  that  Letters  P-at^nt  of  the  United  States  of  America 
may  he  granted  to  him  therefo^v'esting  in;  him  and  his  legal  * 
representatives  the  exclusive  right  •  to^t^&game ,  upon  the 
terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the Congress  in  * 

that  case  made  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States, and  otherwise  com¬ 
plied  with  the1 requirements  of  said  Act.  And  he  hereby 
authorizes  0.  D.  MUNN  and  A.  E.  Beach,  of  the  firm  of 
MUNN  &  CO.,  of  the  Cities  of  New  York  and  Washington,  or 
theii*  accredited  Agents,  to  act  as  his  Attorneys  in  pre¬ 
senting  the  application,  and  in  making  all  such  alterations 
and  amendments  as  may  he  required,  and  to  sign  his  name 
the  drawings. 


Thomas.  A.  Edison 


OATH. 

City  &  County  of  New  York  ) 

)  BO. 

State  of  New  York  ) 

On  this  Ninth  day  of  April  1873,  before  the  subscriber, 
A  Notary  Public,  in  and  for  said  County,  personally  ap¬ 
peared  the  above-named  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  made  solemn 
Oath  that  he  verily  believes  himself  tc  be  the  original 
and  first  inventor  of  the  within  described  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  and  that  he  does  not  know  or- believe 
that  the  same  waB  ever  before  known  or  used;  and  that  he 
is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 

T.  B.  Mosher 
Notary  Public 

(Notarial  Seal) 


Specification  -  describing 
a  new  and  Improved 

Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus: 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison 
of  Newark,  in  the  County 
of  Esbbx,  and  State  of 
New  Jersey  - 

My  invention  relates 
to  apparatus  for  simultaneous 
transmission  of  two  dispatches 
or  signals  from  opposite  ends 
over  the  same  line  wire; 
and  consists  in  combination 
with  opposing  relay  and  local 
magnets,  of  a  device  which  ■ 
by  mechanical  means,  prevents 
the  lever  vibrating  between 
said  magnets  from  responding 
to  the  signals  transmitted  from 
the  home  station,  but-  does 
not  prevent  the  same  from 
responding  to  the  signals  from 
the  distant  station  - 
In  the  accompany?- 
ing  drawing, - 

Figure  1,  represents  a 
plan  view  of  my  apparatus 


for  double  transmission  and 
figure  2.  a  modification 
of  the  same,  sh ov/ing  the 
arrangement  of  an  opposing 
&  local  battery  for  neutralizing 
each  other,  whereby  it  is  not 
necessary  to  break  the  circuit. 

Similar  letters  of 
reference  indicate  correspond¬ 
ing  parts ,'- 

In  the  drawing 

A,  is  the  receiving  magnet. 

B.  is  an  opposing  magnet, 
operated  by  a  local  battery-, 
l.B.  placed  in  circuit  with 
the  sounder  lever  S  1,  by 
spring  extension  a,  and  con¬ 
tact  b. 

X.  is  the  armature 
lever  of  the  receiving  magnet 
A,  and  local  magnet  B, 
pivoted  so  as  to  vibrate  be¬ 
tween  them. 

S,  is  its  spring, 
the  tension  of  which  is  great¬ 
er  than  the  power  of  each 
magnet  singly,  but  of  less 
tension  than  the  combination 


of  either  magnet  with  the 
current  of  the  line.- 

S  M  is. the  sounder  Mag¬ 
net,  operated  hy  the  sounder 
battery  S  B,  and  key  R, 
d,  the  contact  stop  connecting 
main  battery  MB,  by  sounder 
lever  S  L,  and  wire  m,  to 
the  line  wire,  R,  A  rheostat, 
placed  between  relay  A,  and 
the  earth  -  plate  E,  and 
transmitting  part  of  the 
force  of  the  main  battery 
to  the  earth,  sending  the 
other  part  of  the  current 
to  the  distant  station  with¬ 
out  overcoming  the  tension 
of  spring  S  - 

The  local  circuit  is 
closed,  when  the  home  sta¬ 
tion  is  not  transmitting, 
the  local  magnet  being  not 
strong  enough  to  attract  the 
lever  1,  on  account  of  the. 
resistance  of  spring  S.  If 
however,  the  distant  'station 
is  sending^  the  combined  power 
of  the  line  current  and 


-4- 


local 


current  overcomes  the 
resistance  of  the  spring  8. 
and  the  relay  responds  to 
the  signals  of  the  distant 
station.. 

VJhen,  however,  the  local 
circuit  is  opened, hy  the 
depression  of  hey  R,  and  _ 
attraction  of  the. sounder  lever 
S  L,  to  its  magnet,  the  sounder 
lever  breaks  contact' with  k, 
and  closes  the  circuit  with 
the  main  battery  at  con¬ 
tact  d,  the  current  passes 
through  the  relay  A,  to 
the  line  without  moving  the 
lever  1,  not  being  strong 
enough  to  overcome  the  re¬ 
sistance  of  spring  S  -  Thus 
the  signals  of  the  home 
station  are  transmitted  through 
the  receiving  magnet,  which 

is  always  in  circuit  with 

the  distant  station,  without 
responding  to  them  -  If 
however,  a  current  be  trans¬ 
mitted  from  the  distant 

station  simultaneuously  with 


-5- 


the  closing  of  the  main 
circuit  at  the  home  sta¬ 
tion,  the  power  of  the 
electro  magnet  -  A,  is  increased, 
a  greater  power  is  exerted 
on  the  vibrating  lever  1, 
namely:  the  combination  of 
the  power  of  both  main 
batteries  and  the  resistance 
of  the  spring  S,  is  over¬ 
come,  so  that  lever  1  moves, 
transmitting  the  signals  of 
the  distant  station: 

The  relay  at  the 
other  end  of  the  line 

responds  in  similar  manner 
the 

to  the  signalB  of  home 
station,  transmitting  thereby 
simultaneously  the  signals 
from  either  station  at  the 
same  time. 

By  connecting  the 
local  battery  X,  B,  with  an 
opposing  battery  OB,  in  the 

same  circuit  they  will 
other 

neutralizs  each,  but  preserve 
at  the  same  time  the  con¬ 
tinuity  of  the  circuit.- 


The  jnagnet  B,  discharges  it¬ 
self  within  its  own  circuit 
for  the  purpose  of  being 
rendered  more  sluggish,  avoid¬ 
ing  thereby  the  danger  of 
attracting  lever  L,  and  creating 
a  confusion  of  signals.- 


Having  thue  described 
my  invention  - 

I  claim  a  8  new 
and  desire  to  secure  by 
Letters  Patent. 

1st  The  armature  lever 
L,  placed  between  the  receiving 
and  local  magnets  A  and  B, 
having  strong  spring  S  to  be 
vibrated  by- the  joint  action 
of  either  with  the  line 
current,  when  singly  they 
are  too  weak  to  change  its 
position  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed.  - 

2d  The  sounder  lever 
S,  L,  having  spring  extension  a 
or  equivalent,  in  combination 
•  with  the  contact  stops  b,  d,  to 
constitute  a  joint  conductor 
for  the  current  of  the 
main  or  local  battery,  as 
described. - 

3rd  The  combination 


of  the  receiving  magnet 
with  the  main  battery  M 
B,  sounder  lever  S  I>,  and 
rheostat  R,  to  regulate  out¬ 
going  current  of  main  battery 
and  establishing  earth  circuit, 
susb'antially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  described 


Witnesses: 


Thomas. A. Edison 


Paul  Goepel. 
T.  B.  S'osher 


2. 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.C.  .Apri.l  30",  1873. 


T.  A.  Edison 
Care  Munn  &  Co 

Present 

Please  find  he low  a  Communication  frora  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app’n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph, 
Case  A,  filed  April  21"  1873 

72/62 

Very  respectfully, 

Commissioner. 


Examiner's  Room,  No.  98 

This  app'n  has  been  examined  and  it  is  found  1st  that 
the  nature  of  invention  does  not  correspond  with  claims 
presented. 

2d  That  there  are  a  number  of  misnomers  as  "relay  A"  when 
A  is  not  shown  as  a  relay,  "Sounder  Magnet  S.  M."  when  it 
is  not  shown  as  a  sounder,  and  the  Key  K  is  described  as 
"Key  R",  placed  in  circuit  with  the  Sounder  lever  S,L" 

when  S,  L,  is  not  a  sounder  lever,'  as  shown  &  described  and 
L,  B,  is  notplaced.in  circuit  with  it. 

As  to  the  claims  the  1"  needs  amendtto  render  it 

clear 

The  2d  is  only  an  ordinary  relay  having  both  front 
&  back  contact  stops,  completing^ircuits,  as  shown  in  patent 
of  A.  C.  Holcomb,  May  13  1860  (Relays), 


"Case  A" 


) 


Washington  D.C. 

May  14th  1873. 


Hon  M.  D.  Leggett 
Commr.  of  PatentB 
Sir: 

I  hereby  amend  the  specifica¬ 
tion  in  my  application  for 
letters  Patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph 
Apparatus,  filed  April  21st  1873, 
by  erasing  all  of  specification  ex¬ 
cept  signatures  arid  substituting^ 

"To  all  whom  it  may  concern: 

Be  it  known 

that  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of 
Newark,  in  the  County  of  Essex, 
and  State  of  New  Jersey,  hare 
invented  a  new  and  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus;  and 
I  do  hereby  declare  that  the  fol¬ 
lowing  is  a  full,  clear,  and  exact 
description  of  the  same ,  r eference 
being  had  to  the  accompanying 
drawing,  forming  a  part  of  this 
specification. 


\  ].Iy  invention  relates  to  ja. 
novel  apparatus  for  simultaneous 
transmission  of  two  signal's  or 
dispatches  from. opposite  ends 
over  the  Bame  line  wire, /and 
consists  Virst  in  placipG  the 
operating  armature -lever  at 
each  station  between  two  electro¬ 
magnets,  of  which  one  receives  < 
the  current  from  the  distant 
station,  while  the  'other  receives 
its  current  from  the  home  sta- 
tion,  both  currents  jointly  suf- 
jdt,  f icing  to  operate  said  lever,  while 
4.  either  alone  is  not  of  sufficient 
C£c strength,  a  spring,  with  which 
said  lever  is  connected,  and 
which  has  more  strength  than 
either  current  alone,  counteracting 
the  single  current  of  either 
battery.-'  - 

The  invention  also  consists  in 
placing  the  armature  lever  of 
the  sending  magnet  between,  \ 

-  two'  contact  stops,  so  that  such  \ 

lever,  when  off  its  electro  magnet, 
will,  by  contact  with  one  of  the 


''stops  establish  a  current  for  a 
local  tottery,  while,  when  in 
contact  with  the  other  stop 
it  «ik  establish  a  current  with 
the  raainVtottery ,  thus  serving 
in  either'position  to  keep  up 
JXl  certain  currents,  for  purposes 
^ hereinafter  more  fully  set  forth. 

JjL  jj  Third  my  invention  consi sts 

i/ /i,  m  so  combining  or  connecting 

a  rheostat  with  the  electro  magnet 
at  the  end  of  the  main  line, 
that  such  rheostat  will  serve 
to  receive  the  current  from  the  • 
distant  station  and  also  in 
part  to  absorb  the  power  of  the 

transmitting  main  batter^,, . . 

In  the  accompanying  drawing 

Figure  1  represents  a  plan  view 
of  my  apparatus  for  double 
transmission,  and 

Figure  2  a  modification  of  an 
opposing  and  local  battery 
for  neutralizing  each  other, 


-3- 


whereby  it  is  not  necessary  to 
break  the  circuit. 

A  is  the  receiving  magnet ,  B 
an  opposing  magnet,  operated 
by  a  local  battery  L  B,  placed  in 
circuit  with  the  armature  lever 
S  L  of  the-  sending  magnet  S  1, 
which  lever  plays  between  tv/o 
contact  stops  b  d  and  which,  by 
preference,  has  a  spring  extension 

a  at  its  outer  ends.  1  is  the 
or  sounder 

armature^  lever  of  the  receiving 
magnet  A  and  local  magnet 
B,  pivoted,  so  as  to  vibrate 
between  them.  S  is  its  spring, 
the  tension  of  vhich  is  greater 
than  the  power  of  each  current 

ed 

singly.,  &  less  than  their  combinatien 
power 

at -any  two  aurreirts^  whether 
the  same  are  created  by  the 
joint  action  of  both  main  bat¬ 
teries  or  by  the  action  of  the 
distant  main  battery  with  the 
local  battery  of  the  home  station. 

S  M  is  the  sending  magnet, 
operated  in  the  usual  manner 


in  duplex  apparatus  by  its 
■battery  1  B  and  a  key  L,  d.  is  a 
contact  stop,  connecting  main 
battery  M  B  by  armature  lever  S  L 
and  branch  wire  m  to  the  line 
wire. 


\  R  is  a  rheostat  connected  by 
a  conductor  with  the  magnet 
A,  the  branch  m  reaching  such 

conductor  as  shown.  The  rheo.stat 

\ 

R  also  connects  with  the  earth 

^  c,  at  E  and  transmits  part  of 

V/.  \ 

the  force  of  the  main  battery 

^ _ ^  M  B  to  the  earth,  allowing  the 

other  part  of  the  current- t'o 
•»  pass  to  the  distant  station  • 

wi-thout  overcoming  .  the  tension 
•  ••■■  ’  of  spring  S,  because',  when  the 

circuit  jifHhe  main  battery  jK' 
is /closed,  that  of  the  local 

battery  must  be  open^at_bA — 

*;•  ■  -  '  ... .  .  normally 

■  Th6‘*';local  circuit  isAClosed, 

'  ;  -  ^vhen ' the  home  station. is  not 

transmitting,  the  local  magnet 
-not  ' 

alone^heing  net  strong'enough 
"•  to. attract  the  lever  1  on  ac¬ 
count  of  the  resis.tanj^j  of 


) 


If  however  the  distant 

(the  local  sircuit  being  closed) 
sending.,  the  coin¬ 


spring  S. 
station  : 
bined  power  of  the  line  cur¬ 
rent  and-  local  current  over¬ 
come  the  resistance  of  spring 
S  and  the  lever  responds  to 
the  signals  from  the  distant 
station. 

TOien  however  the  local  cir¬ 
cuit  is  opened  by  the  depres¬ 
sion  of  key  K  and  consequent 
attraction  of  the  lever  S  I  to  its 

magnet,- such  lever  breaks 

throwing  magnet  I 
contact  with  bH  and  closes 


out  of  circuit, 


the  circuit  of  the  main  battery  . 


at  contact  d,  so  that  the  cur- 

fronrM  B  level  S  1,  wire  m,  and 
rent  passes^  through  magnet 

A  to  the  iine,  without  moving 

the  lever  L,  the  current  of  the 
('■!  B  ) 

main  battery „at  the  home  sta¬ 
tion  alone  not  being  strong  e- 
nough  to  overcome  the  re¬ 
sistance  of  spring  S.  Thus  the 
signals  of  the  home  station 
are  transmitted  th rough  the 
receiving  magnet  (which  is 
always  in  a  circuit  with  the 


-6- 


its 

distant  station)  without^res- 

ponding  to  them.  If  however, 

to  the  home 

a  current  he  transmitted.^  station 
simultaneously  with  the  clos¬ 
ing  of  the  main  circuit  at 
the  home  station,  the  power 

of  the  electro  magnet  A  is 
since 

increased,  the  main  bat¬ 
teries  of  the  stations  are  con¬ 
nected  with  their  opposing  poles, 
so  that  a  greater  power  is 
exerted  on  the  vibrating  lever 
L,  namely  the  combination  of 

the  power  of  both  main  bat- 
thus  overcoming 
teries,  and., the  resistance  of 

the  spring  S  is  overcome.. 

Both  levers  L  then  resportd  and 
the  signals  of  both,  home  and 
distant  stations  are  trans¬ 
mitted.  v 

<''''\^iiy  connecting  the  local  bat¬ 
tery  L'-B  with  an  opposing  bat- 
tery  0  B  ih,the  same  circuit, 

(see  Fig.  2)  they  will  neutralize 
&L.  each  other,  but  preserve  at  the 
CSUX.  same  time  the  continuityxof  the 

circuit.  The  magnet  B  discharges 


iTtself  within  its  own  circuit,  for 
•Ua-iSL  the  purpose  -Of  being  rendered  more 

4  sluggish,  avoiding' thereby  the  danger 
of  attracting  lever  L  and"  creating 
a  confusion  of  signals.  ^ 


Having  thus  described  my  in¬ 
vention,  what  I  claim  as  new 
and  desire  to  secure  by  letters 
Patent  is: 


\  1st.  The  armature  lever  L  combined 
wi  th  and  placed  be  tween  the 
electro  magnets  A  and  B,  which 

coh'nect'with  the  distant  and 
Sc  arranged 

home  batteries,,  to  actuate  the 
lever  by  the  joint  action  only  of 
both  said  batteries,  as  specified. 

^d.  The  armature  lever  S  L  of  the 
CsA-.H'j^  sending  magnet,  placed  between 

two  contact  stops  b  d  for  alternate 
creation  of  currents  from  different 
batteries  as  set  forth. 

3d_  The  combination  of  thex rheostat 


) 


R,  with  the  electro  magnet  A  and 
P,r,.  with  a  branch  m  of  the  connecting 
■n-^uJ-^-wire,  so  thst  such  rheostat  will  • 
receive  the  distant  current'and 
QoA-.llh'l  part  of  the  current  from  the  trans-  . 

mitting  battery  M  B,  as  described". 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
per  Munn  &  Co 

Attorneys. 


-9- 


6  th 


U.S.Patent  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C.  June  5",  1873. 


T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 

Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  appn  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph 
Apparatus,  Case  A.  filed  April  21"  1873 

72/62 

Very  respectfully 

Commissioner. 


Examiner's  Room,  No  .  98 

As  amended  the  presentation  of  thie  case  does  hot  seem 
to  be  entirely  clear. 

The  description  of  the  Rheostat  R  on  page  6  is  hardly 
understanable , .  nor  is  it  seen  how  it  "transmits  part  of 
the  force  of  main  battery  to  the  earth".,  (The  3d  part  of 
statement  of  invention,  relating  to  the  Rheostat.  1b  also 
cloudy). 

The  description  of  Pig  2  likewise  fails  in  making  the 
arrangements  thereof  clear.  It  is  not  seen  therefrom  how 
or  where  0.  B.  Sc  L.  B  will  neutralize  each  other,  nor  how 
or  why  magnet  B  discharges  itself  sluggishly  ^ ■ 

The  2d  claim  is  rejected  for  the  reason  that  it  is 
common  for  one  armature  to  control  two  circuits  and  this. is 


) 


virtually  what  said  claim  is  for.  See  for  instance  Appt's 
patent  of  Sept  17"  72  Ho  131,339,  Moreover  the  armature 
lever  fem«Qreates  currents"  as  therein  set  forth,  itmere- 
ly  acts  as  a  circuit  closer  . 

As  to  the  3d  claim,  -ill  of  the  Stearns  Duplex  patents 
show  a  rheostat  used  in  Bame  connexion  as  app’t  does 
(judging  from  his  drawings)  viz  to  regulate  the  force  of 
the  current  hy  throwing  a  greater  or  less  resistance  into 
the  circuit.  App't  however  has  not  clearly  described  the 

relation  of  his  rheostat  to,  and  its  connexion  with  the 
explicit 

other  devices.  He  should  give  an  elear  description  of 
the  various  circuits  formed  in  the  varying  positions  of  the 
keys,  what  circuits  pass  through  (rh*  the  rheostat,  and 
when.  This  is  especially  important  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  fundamental,  devices  used  in  Duplex  telegraphs  are 
old,  viz  Magnets,  armatures  &  rehostats,  the  novelty  gen¬ 
erally  being  in  their  arrangement  in  circuits.. 

This  appn  is  accordingly  again  rejected 

Z.  F  Wilber 
Exr 


-2- 


"Case  A". 


Washington,  33.  g, 

October  10'th,  1873. 


Hon  H.  3).  Leggett 
Commr .  of  Patents 


I  hereby  attend  the  specification 
in  my  application  for  Letters  Patent 
for  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus, 
filed  April  8lBt  1873,  by  canceling 
recital  of  invention^and  inserting; 

"Hy  invention  relates  to  an  im¬ 
proved  apparatus  for  simultaneous 
transmission  of  two  signals  or 
^^^inpntches  from  opposite  ends 
3M-.//73  °f  the  8a-’ne  line  wire,  and  con¬ 
sists  in  So  arranging  the  operat¬ 
ing  amature-lever  (  at  each  station) 
wit)i  two  electro-magnets-  one  of 
which  receives  the  current  from 
the  distant  station,  while  the 
other  receives  its  current  from 
the  hone  station  -  that  'both  cur¬ 
rents  jointly  suffice  to  operate  said 
lever,  while  either  alone  is  not 
of  sufficient  strength  -  a  spring, 
with  which  said  lever  i3  con- 


nectad,  and  which  has  more  strength 
than  either  current  alone,  counteracting 
the  single  current  of  either  battery  - 

Also  by  canceling  lines  on  page  5 

2P 

between  6th  and.,  S4£h ,  and  inserting; 

’.'Said 

branch  wire  m  has  also  an  ex¬ 
tension  w  leading  to  rheostat  R,  which 
has  connection  with  the  earth  aB 
shown.  The  main  battery  7.t,B,  is  also 
3i  connected  with  the  rheostat  and 
QLcX’H'/S  eartft  •  Hence,  when  the 

local  circuit  is  closed,  the  lever 
S  1  1b  freed  from  contact-stop 
b  and  forms  connection  with  d, 
so  that  the  battery  M  B  at  once 
sends  a. current  through  said 
lever  over  branch  wire  m  and 
magnet  A  to  the  line  -  the  magnet 
B  being  then  rendered  migatory 
by  the  break  in  its  circuit  at  b 
so  that  the  tension  of  the  spring 
S  is  no-£  overcome  by  magnet 
A  and  hence  no  signal  is  given 
by  the  relay,  while  the  rheostat 
R  whose  resistance  is  greater 


than  the  line,  prevents  short-circuiting 
(except  as  to  a  small  portion  of 
the  current)  with  the  earth". 

Also  hy  canceling  last  7  lines  page 
7  and  first  5  lineB  page  8,  and  in¬ 
serting; 

"To  recapitulate,  when  the 
lever  S  L  is  open  (as  shown  in  the 
drawing) ,  the  local  magnet  B  aids 
magnet  A  in  attracting  the  lever 
L  when  the  distant  station  is 
transmitting.  7/hen  the  lever  S  I  is 
4.  Closed  thus  -breaking  the  local 
CeJt-ll'jS  circuit,  in  other  words,  when  both 
stations  are  transmitting,  it  is 
evident  the  main  battery  at  each 
station  not  only  acts  in  its 
own  magnet  A  through  lever  S  1 
and  wire  m,  but  on  the  other 
magnet  at  the  other  end  of  the 
line  -  aB  before  explained. 

ThUB  the  magnet  A  of  each 
station  is  acted  on  by  two  bat¬ 
teries  at  once,  whether  the  lever  ! 
S  X,  be  open  or  closed,  the  lever 
L  being  in  either,  case  caused  to 


-3- 


give  the  required  signal. 

I  show  in  fig:  2  a  modification  of 
the  local  arrangement  of  battery 
circuit  wires,  and  transmitting 
key  above  described,  and  illustrated 
.  (  in  fig.  1. 

S  I.  is  the  sending  lever  having 
contact  stops  a  and  b  as  before. 

But  in  addition  to  the  battery 
1  B«  1  e®Ploy  an  opposing  battery 
0  B,  the  positive  (  or  negative)  pole 
s of  the  one  being  connected  with 
&ol.  /fi'fc  the  like  pole  of  the  other.  The 
helix  B  is  connected  with  one 
pole  (  -  )  of  the  battery  1,  B  and 
with  a  wire  which  passes  between 
contact  Btop  b  and  the  cor¬ 
responding  (  -  )  pole  of  battery  0  B. 

A  '"ire  0  also  connects  lever  S  1 
and  the  two  contiguous  and 
opposed  poles  of  both  batteries  - 
Hence,  when  the  lever  S  L,  is 
open  (  as  shown) ,  the  magnet  B 
is  affected  or  charged,  since 
a  shunt  circuit  being  formed 
through  OB,  a  b,  lever  S  L  and 
wire  0,  another  circuit  will 


-4- 


exist  through  battery  X,  B;  magnet 
B,  lever  S  L  and  wire  0.  Thus 
the  force  of  one  of  the  two 
4. 'batteries  is  exerted  on  B  when 
the  lever  S  Us  open. 

If,. however,  said  lever  be  closed, 
so  that  a  and  b  are  discon¬ 
nected,  the  two  batteries  neutralize 
each  other  and  magnet  B  is 
unaffected- 


Also  by  canceling  claims  and  in-  . 
sertingj* 

Hie  combination  in  a  duplex 
telegraph  apparatus  of  the  armature 
lever  Z  and  magnets  A  and  B  in  in- 
^^dent  circuits  and  neutrally  acting 
6Ul . Il‘p  on  said  armature,  and  so  arranged 
that  the  force  of  the  current  in 
either  circuit  singly  cannot  overcome 
the  tension  of  the  annature-lever  spring, 
the  force  of  two  batteries  being  neces¬ 
sary  thereto,  as  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed  - 


Thomas  A  Edison 

per  Munn  &  Oo 

Attorneys 


) 


New  York,  Oot.  15th  1873 


Sir: 

I  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  V.r.  Serrell,  New  York,  my  agent 
and  Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a  patent 
on  Tiuplex  Telegraphs  revoking  all  previous  authority  and 
authorize  him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever  may  be 
necessary  in  the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  I  could 
do  if  personally  present,  and  to  receive  the  Patent  when 
granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

Thos  A  Edison 

Hon.  M.  R.  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


OFFICE  FOR  PATENTS, 

119  &  121  Nassau  Street, New  York, 
Oct.  15th  1873 

The  correspondence  on  this  case,  an'd  also  the  Patent, 
when  granted,  you  will  please  address  to  my  oare.  Oblige  by 
returning  the  drawing 

Respectfully  YourB, 

Hon.  X.  I>.  Leggett  '  LEMUEL  VT.  SERRELL. 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


72/62 


U;  S.  'PATENT  OFPICE. 

APPLICATION  OP 


T.  A.  Edison, 

Piled  Apl.  21,  1873. 


Contents  of  This  Pile. 

1  Application 

2  Office  Letter  April  30/73 

3  .  Ci  *0.  3. 

4  Office  Letter  to  Atty 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

1° 

11 

12 

13 

14  . 

15 

16 
17 


18 


No. 


Case  A. 
1873. 


Thomas  A.  Edison. 


72/ 

/62 


Of  Newark, 

County  of  Essex, 

State  of  New  Jersey. 


Rec'd 

Petition 

Affidavit 

Specification 


/Drawing 
Model 
Cert.  dep. 
jd  ash  §15. 

Add1 1  Pee  Cert. 
'  »  t  ,■  "  Cash 


Examined 


If'  Patented 
Recorded  vol. 
Circular 


Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus; 
April  21  ,  1873. 


April  21  ,  1873. 


,  18 


page 


Mans  and  Ge. 
Present, 


Lemuel  V.  Serrell 


New  York  City 


PATENT  OPPIOE. 

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PG.. 

PETITION. 

To  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

The  .Petition  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark,  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey  RESPECTFULLY  REPRESENTS  - 
That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  believes  has  not  been  known 
or  used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof  by  your  petitioner.  He 
therefore  prays  that  LETTERS  PATENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF 
AMERICA  may  be  granted  to  him  therefor,  vesting  in  him  and  his 
legal  representatives  the  exclusive  right  to  the  same,  upon,  the 
terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the  Act  of  Congress  in  that 
case  made  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars  into  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  states,  and  otherwise  complied  with  the 
requirements  of  said  Act.  And  he  hereby  authorises  0.  D.  MUNN 
and  A.  F..  BEACH, of  the  firm  of  MUNN  &  CO.,  of  the  Cities  of 
New  York  aid  Washington,  or  their  accredited  Agents,  to  act  as 
his  Attorneys  in  presenting  the  application,  and  in  making  all 
such  alterations  and  amendments  as  mayfie  required,  and  to  sign 
his  name  to  the  drawings. 


Thomas.  A.  Edison 


OATH. 

City  &  County  of  New  York  ) 

ss. 

State  of  New  York  ) 

On  this  Ninth  day  of  April  1873,  before  the  subscriber, 
A  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  County,  personally  appeared  the 
above-named  Thomas  A  Edison  and  made  solemn  Oath  that  he  verily 
believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and  first  inventor  of  the 
within  described  Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus  and  that 
he  does  not  know  or  believe  that  the  same  was  ever  before  known 
or  used;  and  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

T.  B.  JIOBher 

Notary  Public. 


(NOTARIAL  SEAL) 


Case 


Specification  describing 
a  new  and  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison 
of  Newark,  in  the  County 
of  Essex,  and  State  of 
New  Jersey. 

My  invention  has  for 
its  object  the  simultaneous 
transmission  of  two  signals 
over  the  same  wire,  but 
in  opposite  directions  and 
consists  of  the  combination 
of  two  relays  with  their 
armature  lever,  pivoted  be¬ 
tween  them  and  placed 
at  different  distances  from 
the  same,  so  as  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  relays  to  respond 
to  the  signals  transmitted 
from  the  home  station 
without  being  prevented  from 
receiving  the  signals  of  the 
distant  station. 

The  accompany¬ 
ing  drawing  represents  a  plan 
view  of  my  improved  appa- 


ratus  for  double  transmis¬ 
sion,  in  which  A.  and  B. 
are  the  receiving  magnets. 

L.  their  armature  lever, 
pivoted  between  them  and 
adjusted  at  greater  distance 
from  magnet  A.  than  from 
magnet  B.  requiring  therefor 
an  increased  amount  of 
power  to  attract  the  same 
to  A.  instead  to  magnet 
B.  The  magnet  B.  is 
connected  by  wire  m, 
with  contact  stop  a,,  and 
by  spring  contact  %  ( to  the 
earth.  An  insulated  ex¬ 
tension  af ,  of  contact,  a, 
serves  also  as  back  stop 
for  sounder  lever  S  L.  which 
acts,  on  closing  to  the  sounder 
magnet  S.  on  a  second 
contact  z_*  (of  spring  contact 
disconnecting  the  stops  a_ 
h,  and  throwing  relay  B, 
out  of  circuit.  Magnet  A, 
is  connected  by  wire  m'  with 
the  line  and  over  the  main 
hatter  M.  B.  to  sounder  lever 


S.  L.  operated  by  means 
of  key  k,  Bounder  battery 
S.  B.  and  magnet  S. 

By  closing  the  sounder  lever 
S.l.  the  same  acts  on  con¬ 
tact  a separating  contacts 
JL*  i.  and  throwing  magnet  B. 
out  of  circuit.  The  current 
of  the  main  battery  M  B. 
passes  through  magnet  A.  to 
the  line.  Magnet  A.  is 
placed  at  such  a  distance 
from  lever  L.  that  the  power 
of  the  main  batter. H;  B.  is 
insufficient  to  attract  the 
same,  the  signals  are  there¬ 
fore  transmitted  to  the  dis¬ 
tant  station  without  being 
responded  to  by  the  home 
station.  If  however  the  sounder 
lever  S  L.  be  open,  the  main 
battery  M.B.  and  magnet  A, 
are  thrown  out  of  circuit  and 
magnet  B.  being  adjusted 
much  closer  to  lever  1.  and 
placed  by  contacts  a.  te.  im 
circuit,  attracts  lever  L.  and 
responds  to  the  signals  of  the 


distant  station.  The  line 
current  is  then  conducted 
"by  contacts  a.  z.  to  the 
earth  B.  When  both  stations 
are  transmitting,  so  that 
sounder  lever  S.  1.  is  closed 
at  each  station,  the  combined 
strength  of  the  main  batteries 
both  of  the  home  and 
distant  station  is  passed 
through  magnet  A.  attracting 
the  armature  lever  1.  and 
responding  thereby  to  the  sig¬ 
nals  from  the  distant  station. 


Having  thus  described 
ny invention  - 

I  claim  as  new 
and  desire  to  secure  by 
Letters  Patent. 

ist.  The  pivoted  ar¬ 
mature  lever  L.  in  construc- 
tionwith  the  magnets  A. 
and  B.  adjusted  between 
them  as  set  forth  and  opera¬ 
ted  as  described. 

'  2d  The  sounder 
lever  S  L.  in  connection  with 
spring  contacts  z.  z ’ .  and  con¬ 
tacts  a.  _a",  to  throw  either 
magnet  A.  B  out  of  circuit, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

Thomas. A.  Edison 

Paul  Goepel 
T.  B.  Mosher 


U.s.  PATENT  OFFICE, 

Washington,  D.  C. ,  April  30" ,1873. 

T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Jlunn  &  C'o  ^ 

Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner  relative 
to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph,  Case  B,  filed 
April  21 1873 

.  72/63  • 

Very .respectfully, 

Commissioner. 

EXAMINER'S  ROOM,  NO,  98 

This  app*n  has  been  examined  and  the  app'n  is  rejected, 
the  l"  claim  being  anticipated  by  patent  of  G.  Doyle  Jan  31  60 

("Telegraphs),  (this  anticipates  the  claim  as  presented,  the 
real  feature  of  novelty  in^he  case  not  being  brought  out  in 
the  claims) .  The  2*  is  merely  the  circuit  changing  key  shown 
in  Farmers  Reissue  of  Dec..  10*  1872  of  patent  of  Nov  15"  1859 
and  in  Stearns  patents  of  May  14  &  Nov  12  1872. 

Appt  calls  SI  "a  sounder  lever"  &  SM."a  sounder  magnet, 
hut  such  are  not  the  facts  as  they  are  represented  and  described. 

Z.  FV  Wilber 

Exr 


Washington  D.  C. 

May  15th  1873 


Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett  - 
Coimnr  of  Patents 
Sir: 

I  hereby  amend  the  apecification  in 
my  application  for  Letters  Patent  for  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus,  filed  April  2ist  1873,  by 
erasing  all  of  specification  except  signatures 
and  substituting; 

"To  all  whom  it  may  concern: 

Be  it  known 

That  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark,  in 
the  County  of  Essex,  and  State  of  New 
Jersey,  have  invented  a  new  and  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus.;  and  I  do 
hereby  declare  that  the  following  is  a  full* 
clear,  and  exact  description  of  the  same, 
reference(being  had  to  the  accompanying 
drawing  forming  a  part  of  this  specifica¬ 
tion. 

My  invention  has  for  its  object  the 
simultaneous  transmission  of  two 
signals  over  the  same  wire,  but  in 


opposite  directions,  and  consists  of  the 
combination  of  two  electro'.'  magnets  with 
their  armature  lever  pivoted  between; 
them,  and  placed  at  different  distances 
from  the  same ,  so  as  to  prevent  the 
electro  magnets  responding  to . the 
signals  transmitted  from  the  home 
station,  without  being  prevented  from 
receiving  the  signals  of  the  distant 
station. 

The  accompanying  drawing  represents 
a  plan  vi ew  of  my  improved  ap¬ 
paratus  for  double  transmission,  in 
which  A  and  B  are  the  receiving  mag¬ 
nets,  !•  their  armature  lever,  pivoted 
between  them  and  adjusted  at  greater 
distance  from  magnet  A  than  from 

Lring  therefore  in- 
of  power  to  attract  the 
the  magnet  B.  The 
magnet  B  is  connected  by  wire  m 
with  contact  stop  ei  and  spring 
contact  b>  to  the  earth.  An  insulated 
extension  a'  of  contact  a  serves  also 
as  back  stop  for  the  armature 
lever  S  1  of  the  sending  magnet  which 

2. 


magnet  B,  requ: 
£u^%j  creased  amount 


i  to  A  than 


reaches,  when  drawn  to  the  magnet 
S,  a  second  contact  b[  of  spring  con¬ 
tact  hj  disconnecting  the  stops  e,  ft 
and  throwing  relay  B-  out  of  circuit. 

Magnet  A  is  connected  hy  wire  m' 
with  the  line  and  also  with  the 
main  battery  M  B  to  lever  S  L,  operated 
hy  means  of  key  K,  battery  S,  B  and 
magnet  S. 

By  closing  the  lever  SL,  the  same  acts 
on  contact  b_  separating  contact  a,  ft 
and  throwing  magnet  B  out  of 
circuit.  The  current  of  the  main 
battery  M,  B  passeB  through  magnet 
A  to  the  line.  Magnet  A  is  placed 
at  such  a  distance  from  lever  L,  that 
the  power  of  the  main  battery  M  B  is 
insufficient  to  attract  the  same, 
the  signals  are  therefore  transmitted 
to  the  distant  station  without  being 
responded  to  by  the  home  station.  If 
however,  the  lever  S  L  be  open,  the  main 
battery  M,B  and  magnet  A  are  thrown 
out  of  circuit  and  magnet  B,  being 
adjusted  much  oloBer  to  lever  1. .  iB 
placed  by  contacts  a  h  in  circuit, 
attracts  lever  Z  and  responds  to  the 


signals  of  the  distant  station.  The 
line  current  is  then  conducted  hy 
contacts  ah  to  the  earth  E. 

When  both'  stations  are  transmitting, 
so  that  lever  S  1  is  closed  at  each 
station,  the  combined  strength  of 
the  main  batteries ,  both  of  the  home 
and  distant  station  is  passed 
through  magnet  At  attracting  the 
^^amatura  lever  1  and  respond^  thereby 
i ^ 0  tjje  signals  from  the  distant  sta¬ 
tion.  The  joint  power  of  both  main 
batteries  which  are  connected  with 
opposite  poles,'  is  in  this  case  suf¬ 
ficient  to  overcome  the  greater  distance 
between  A  and  L.  . 

Having  thus  described  my  in¬ 
vention,  what  I  claim  as  new  and 
desire  to  secure  by  letters  Patent  is: 


1st,  The  combination  of  armature 
lever  1.  and  electro ■  magnets  A  '^nd. 
^d^.^with  each,  other,  when  the  dis- 
I**  tance  between  A  and  1 . £s  greater 
than  that  between  B  and  1.  as 
and  for  the  purpose  described. 


) 


The  combination  of  the  maenets  A 
B  and  lever  1,  which  are  relatively 
Placed  as  described  with  the  p'p 

.,0p, 

c&jTy-'  ln3«lated  baok  stop  a",  all  ar- 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

per  Munn  &  Co 

Attorneys. 


5. 


M. 

J 


U.s.  PATENT  OFFICE, 

Washington,  D. 

.■Ed  i  a  on 

Cara  Munn  &  Co, 


Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph 
filed  April  21"  1873  Case  B 

Very  respectfully  72/63,. 


Commissioner. 


EXAMINER •  S  ROOM,  NO.  98 

A  few  verbal  amendments  are  needed  in  the  amended 
specification  of  this  case,  as  noted  in  on  the  margin  thereof, 
Also  in  the  claims 


Z.  F.  Wilber 


.) 


Washington  D.  O'. 

October  1873 


Hon  M.  D.  Leggett 
Commr  of  Patents. 

Sir: 


I  hereby  amend 

the  specification  in  my  application  ("B") 
for  Letters  Patent  for  Improvement 
in  a  Duplex  Telegraph  filed  April 
2X»t  1873  by  canceling  "an  increased  amount 
and  inserting  -/gw 18 "  and  l9" 
CM- ^7^ lines,  page  2  of  amended  specification 


Also  by  dueling  "attracting"*,  and 
inserting  -/causing  it  JLPj  -  9  li  i«»  PaE 
.  also  inserting  -  respond  -  in  place  of. 

Oui-'i.l-i.  ~  ' 


Also  by  canceling,  "and  B",  in  is*  claim 
and  inserting  r  Bf^Tthilr  respective^ 

*blrcuit s3] Also  canceling  "when!'.,  in  3* 

Tide” and'  inserting:  -  being.-in:  place  of 
same 

"is"  4th  line  of  claim.  • 

Also  by  canceling  the  word  “operating"., 
and  inserting  he£  before  "lever"  in 
0iaim.  And  inserting-having- 
before  "contract"in  said  claim. 

j.  A.  EdiBon 

by  Munn  &  Co1 

Attif's 


H  York,  Ooto  15,1873. 


Hon  H  X>,LeGE8tt 


Contr  of  Patents 


air  ,  -  „r  ij  a.  Edison  I  have 

« —  -  ** 

consented  to  MeBrs  Munn.  &  0®* 

-  rjrm  -  —r : 

rr  "  r — - — - 

prepared. 

Powers  of  atty„  enclosed  , 

Respectfully  yours. 


7iU-  ’ 

Class  3. 

1873. 

No.  .  TO/S3 

Thomas  A.  Edison. 

Of  Newark, 

County  of  Essex, 

State  of  New  Jersey, 

Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus. 

Rac'd  April  21,  1873. 

Petition  n  n  n 

Affidavit  "  "  " 

Specification "  "  " 

/  Drawing  "  22  " 

Model  "  "  " 

Cert.  dep. 

/Cash  $15.  April  21,  1873. 

Add'l  Eee  Cert. 


^Patented  ,  Iff  r 

Recorded  vol.  page 

Circular 

Munn  and  Co. 

Present. 


■4 


U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 
APPLICATION  OF 


T.  A.  Edison. 

Filed  Apl.  21,  1873. 

CONTENTS  OF  THIS  FILE. 

1  Application 

2  Office  Letter  April  30/73 

3 

4  Office  Letter  June  6/73 

s.  £-  <**■  *'/• 2 
6 
7 
e 


10 

n 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 


18'' 


P.Cr. 


Case  "C". 


PETITION. 

To  the  Comnissioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

The  Petition  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  state  of  New  Jersey  Respectfully  Represents — 

That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  believes  has  not  been 
known  or  used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof  by  your  peti¬ 
tioner.  He  therefore  prays  that  Letters  Patent  of  the  United 
States  of  America  may  be  granted  to  him  therefor,  vesting  in 
him  and  his  legal  representatives  the  exclusive  right  to  the 
same,  upon  the  terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the  Act  of 
Congress  in  that  case  msde  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fif¬ 
teen  Dollars  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and 
otherwise  complied  with  the  requirements  of  said  Act.  And  he 
hereby  authorizes  0.  D.  Nunn  and  A.  E.  Beach,  of  the  firm  of 
MUHN  &  CO.,  of  the  Cities  of  Hew  York  and  Washington,  or 
their  accredited  Agents,  to  act  as  his  Attorneys  in  presenting 
the  application,  and  in  making  all  such  alterations  and  amend¬ 
ments  asmay  be  required,  and  to  sign  his  name  to  the  drawings. 


Thomas.  A.  Edison 


OATH. 


City  &  County  of  Hew  York  ) 

State  of  ?!ew  York  j  SS‘ 

On  this  Twenty  second  day  of  April  1873,  before  the  sub¬ 
scriber,  A  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  County, . personally 
appeared  the  above-named  Thomas.  A.  Edison  and  made  solemn 
Oath  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and 
first  inventor  of  the  within  described  Improved  Duplex  Tele¬ 
graph  Apparatus  and  that  he  does  not  know  or  believe  that  the 
same  was  ever  before  known  or  used;  and  that  he  is  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States. 

T.  3.  Mosher 

Notary  Public 

(Notarial  Seal) 


Case.  C. 


Specification  describing  a 
new  and  improved 

"Duplex  Telegraph  Apps" 
invented  hy  Thomas  A  'Edison 
of  Newark ,  in  the  County  of 
Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey 

This  invention  relates  to  apparatus 
for  simultaneous  transmission 
of  two  dispatches  or  signals  from 
opposite  ends  over  the  same 
line  wire  and  consists  in  plac¬ 
ing  a  shunt  circuit  around 
the  relay,  v/hich  in  connection 
with  an  equating  battery  and  ad¬ 
justable  rheostat  neutralizes 
the  effect  of  the  main  battery 
on  the  receiving  instrument, 
preventing  it  thereby,  to  respond 
to  the  signals  transmitted 
from  the  home  station  without 
preventing  it  to  respond  to  the 
signals  from  the  distant  sta¬ 
tion,. 

The  accompanying  draw¬ 
ing  represents  a  plan  view  of 


my  improved  apparatus  for 
double  transmission  in  which, 

A  is  the  receiving  relay  £  «» 
armature  lever,  M,B,  and 
two  main  batteries  of  equal 
strength,  but  with  opposing 
poles,  the  latter  being  conneoted 
to  the  earth  at  £.  The  equating 
Battery  £,£,  1.  P^ced  in  a  shunt 
around  the  relay  A  with  its  cur¬ 
rent  in  opposite  direction  to  that 
of  the  main  battery  K  B ,  neu¬ 
tralising  thereby  the  effect  of  the 
same  in  relay  A  at  the  same 
moment,  when  the  battery  M  B 
•  i8  put  on  the  line.  The  resis¬ 
tance  of  the  shunt,  and  the 
consequent  increase  and 
decrease  of  the  equating^ 
battery  £  £  is  obtained  Athe  ad¬ 
justable  Bheostat  R,  P^ced  be¬ 
tween  the  battery  £  3  and  the 
relay  A.  The  other  pole  of 
the  equating  battery  £  B  is 
connected  to  the  spring  con¬ 
tact  a  of  sounder-  lever  S_L, 
which  is  operated  in  the 
usual  manner  in  duplex 


instruments  by  sounder  battery 
S  B  key  B  and  sounder  magnet 
S.  The  sounder  lever  SI  is  plac¬ 
ed  by  means  of  wires  m  m* 
and  contact  stop  d  in  circuit 
with  the  opposing  battery  M  B' , 
its  insulated  spring  contact  a, 
connecting  the  shunt  circuit 
over  contact  stop  b  and  wire 

When  the  home  station  is 
not  sending,  so  that  the  sound¬ 
ing  lever  is  open,  the  line 
current  passes  through  the 
relay,  attraching  lever  L  and 
thence  to  the  earth  at  E.  When 
however  the  sounder  lover  S  L 
is  closed,  three  different  cir¬ 
cuits  are  formed  by  spring 
contacts  a,b,  and  contact  d,  vis: 
the  circuit  of  the  opposing 
main  battery  M,B' ,  over  wire  M, 
sounder  lever  S  I.  contact  d  and 
wire  m,  the  3 hunt  circuit 
through  rheostat  B  and  relay 
A  and  the  main  circuit  from 
battery  MjjBj.  through  relay  A 
and  line  to  the  distant 


3 


station.  In  the  circuit  of  the 
main  battery  M  B'  a  slight  re¬ 
sistance  may  he  thrown  in  to 
prevent  spark  at  contact  d.  The 
outgoing  main  current  is  ren¬ 
dered  nugatory  in  its  effect  on 
the  relay,  by  the  neutralizing 
influence  of  the  opposing  cur¬ 
rent  of  the  shunt  battery.  One 
part  of  the  main  current  pass¬ 
es  around  the  relay  over  the 
shunt  to  the  line,  and  trans¬ 
mits  thereby  the  signals  to  the 
distant  station,  the  relay  A 
being  prevented  to  respond  to 
them. 

When,  hosever,  both 
stations  are  transmitting 
signals  at  the  sane  time, 
the  current  from  the  distant 
station  operates  the  relay  A, 
the  outgoing  current,  being 
neutralized  in  its  effect 
thereon,  working  in  similar, 
manner  the  receiving  in¬ 
strument  at  the  distant 


station. 


Having  thus  described 
my  invention 

I  claim  as  new 
and  desire  to  secure  by  Let¬ 
ters  Patent 

First,  In  apparatus  for  double 
transmission,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  the  receiving  instrument 
with  a  shunt  circuit  and 
equating  battery,  to  neutralize 
effect  of  outgoing  current  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 

Second,  the  sounder  lever  S  L 
having  spring  contact  a  in 
connection  with  contacts  d  and 
h,  to  close  circuit  of  opposing 
main  battery  M  B'  and  shunt 
circuit,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purpose  described 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

Witnesses 
T.3.  MoBher 
Alex  F.  Roberts 


"Case  C' 


Washington  D .  C. 
May  15th  1873. 

Hon  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commr  of  Patents 

Sir: 

X  hereby  amend  the  specification  in 
my  application  for  Letters  Patent  for 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus,  filed 
April  21st  1873,  by  erasing  all  of  spec¬ 
ification  except  signatures  and  sub¬ 
stituting; 

"To  all  whom  it  may  concern: 

Be  it  known 

that  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark, 
in  the  County  of  Essex,  and  State 
of  New  Jersey,  have  invented  a  new 
and  Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Ap¬ 
paratus;  and  I  do  hereby  declare  that 
the  following  is  a  full,  clear,  and  exact 
description  of  the  same,  reference  being 
had  to  the  accompanying  drawing,  form¬ 
ing  a  part  of  this  specification. 

This  invention  relates  to  apparatus 
for  simultaneous  transmission  of 


'  two  dispatches  or  signals  from  op¬ 

posite  endB  over  the  same  line  wire, 
and  consists  in  placing  a  shunt 
circuit  around  the  relay,  which,  in 
connection  with  an  equating  battery  and 

adjustable  rheostat 'neutralizes  the 

effect  of  the  main  battery  on  the 
'  frM-.h.  receiving  instrument,  prevent ing-it 
dch-"  T \  thereby  te  responding  to  the  signals 
transmitted  from  the  home  station 
v/ithout  preventing  it  to  responding  to 
the.  signals  from  the  distant  station. 

The  accompanying  drawing  represents 
a  plan  view  of  my  improved  ap¬ 
paratus  for  double  transmission. 

A  is  the  receiving  relay,  1  its  armature 
lever,  M,B,  and  II, B*  two  main  batteries 
of  equal  strength,  but  with  opposing 
poles,  the  battery  H  B*  being  connected 
to  the  earth  at  15.  The  equating  battery 
E  B  is  placed  in  a  shunt  around  the 
relay  A  with  its  current  in  opposite 
direction  to  that  of  the  main  battery 
M,B,  neutralizing  thereby  the  effect 
of  the  same  in  relay  A,  at  the  same 


2 


moment  when  the  battery  II  B  is  put  on 
the  line.  The  resistance  of  the  shunt 


<w/  decrease  of  the  strength  of  the 
i  equating  battery  E  B  is  obtained  by 
the  adjustable  rheostat  R,  placed 
]i  between  battery  E  B  and  the  relay  A. 

The  other  polejof  the  equating  bat¬ 
tery  E  B  is  connected  to  the  spring 
contact  a  of  armature  lever  S  L,  which 
is  operated  in  the  usual  manner 


in  duplex  instruments  bybattery 
SB,  key  K,  and  sending  magnet 
S.  The  lever  S  L  is  pla.ced  by  means 
of  v/ires  m  m'  and  contact  stop  d 
in  circuit  with  the  opposing  battery 
M  B',  its  insulated  spring  contact  a, 
connecting  the  shunt  circuit  to  contact 
stop  b  and  wire  n.  A 

(o~.  ~ 

u"l 3  When  the  home  station  is  not  send¬ 
ing,  so  that  the  armature  lever  S  L  is 

open,  the  line  current  passes  through 
the  relay,  attracting  lever  L  and  thence 
to.  the' earth  at.  E. ;  ■  Wien  however,  the 
lever  S  1  is  closed,  three  different 
circuits  are  formed  by  spring  con¬ 
tacts  a  b  and  contact  d;  the 


3 


shunt 

circuit  of  the  opposing  main  battery 
M  B'  over  wire  m' ,  lever  S  I.,  contact 
d  and  wire  m;^fee  shunt  circuit 
through  rheostat  H,  relay  A,  wire  n, 
stop  b ,  spring'  contact  a,  and  the 
main  ciroUit  frora  battery  M  B 

through  relay  A  and  line  to  the  . 

OuJ-  H'p.  distant  station,  jltl  the  circuit  of 
the  main  battery  MB’  a  slight  re¬ 
sistance  may  be  thrown  in  to  pre- 
.  vent  spark  at  contact  d.  The 
"outgoingmain  current  is  rendered 
V  nugatory  in  its  'effect  on  the  relay  A 

the  home  station  by  the' neutralizing 
C.  influence  of  the  opposing  current  of 
C-ltJ-  i1]:.  the  shunt  battery. 

__ .  One  part  of  the  current  of  main 

battery  M  B  passes  to  the  relay  A,  where 

it  is  opposed  and  neutralized  by 
of  battery  B  B, 

the  shun*  current Awhile  the  other 


part  of  such  main  current  passes 
along  the  wire  n,  stops  b  a,  battery 
E  B  and  rheostat  E  to  the  line  and 
transmits  thereby  the  signals  to  the 
distant  station, -the  relay  A  at  the 
home  station  being  prevented  %e  res- 
•  &*^“-<4pond-ing  to  thenKand  the  resistance 


of  rheostat  R  being  taken  up  by 
the\  shunt  circuit  so  as  not  in¬ 
juriously  to  affect  such  line  cur¬ 
rent.  When  however,  both  stations 
are  transmitting  signals  at  the 
same  time,  the  current  froto  the 
distant  station  operates  the  relay 
A,  the  outgoing  current  being  neutralized 
in  its  effect  thereon,  working  in 
e  .  ,.%j  similar  manner  the  receiving  in- 
strument  at  the  distant  station. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  in  putting 
tcJc  <nz-  in  the  line  the  two  main  batteries 
M  B  and  MB'  of  equal  strength  with 
their  poles  opposing  each  other, 
the  main  battery  M  B  is  allowed  t.o 
operate  by  the  short  circuiting  or 
shunting  of  the  other  battery  M  B* , 
such  shunting  taking  place  through 
a  slight  resistance,  and  that,  as  \ 
long  as  main  battery  M  B'  has  no  \ 
current,  it  also  prevents  battery  M  E 
fron^  having  a  current  and  the 
consequent  useless  absorption  of 
power . 


Raving  thus  described  my  in- 


vention,  what  X  claim  as  new  and 
desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent. „is: — 

la&\The  combination  of  the  opposing 

/ 

-main  batteries  M  B  and  M  B'  with  ■ 

\ 

each  other  and  the  , equating  or 
shunt  battery  E  B  and  adjustable 
^^4.  ^rheostat  R,  for  simultaneous  action 
as  described. 

cuA-Jr'/s.  \ 

2d  The  relay  A,  placed  vrithirKthe 
shunt  circuit  and  branch  of  the  \ 

current 'of  the  main  battery  M  B,  and 
arranged  in  combination  with  the 

1 ever  S  L  and  battery  E,  as  set  for th" . _ 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

per  Munn  &  Co 

Attorneys. 


(No .1. ) 
June  9th. 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.C.,  June  6",  1873. 

T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner  re¬ 
lative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  fb  r  Duplex  Telegraph,  Case  C, 
filed  April  26"  1873 

Very  respectfully,  74/104 

Commissioner, 
Examiner's  Do  ora,.  Wo.  98 

In  the  amended  specification  filed  in  this  case  there  are 
some  inaccuracies  requiring  attention.  On  P  3  a  decrease  & 
increase  of  the  strength  of  a  battery  is  spoken  of  as  conse¬ 
quent  upon  a  resistance, such  is  not  the  ease,  the  strength  of 
the  battery  remains  the  same,  on  p  4,  3<U  lines  what  ±8  the 

ahunt-eirettit-spekeH-ef-a-a-etreHit-ef-whata-Mereever  the 

Relay  relay  A  is. spoken  of  as  in  a  shunt  cir-  circuit,  cir¬ 
cuit  of  what?  A  however  is  not  in  a  shunt  and  can't  be  from 
the  very  definition  of  a  shunt.  On  same  page  *shunt  battery 
and  a  shunt  current  are  spoken  of,  what  are  they? 

What  is  meant  by  the  conclusion  of  the^pa£agraph  on  p  4, 
commencing  -and  the  resistance"  down  to  "When  however"  p  5, 

In  the  paragraph  commencing  "When  however  p  5  how  &  why  does 
current  from  distant  station  neutralise  current  from  home  sta¬ 
tion  in  relay  A.  -  The  next  (last  before  claims)  paragraph 
is  likewise  devoid  of  clearness,  an  explanation  of  what  is 
meant  and  of  the  "how"  of  what  is  done,  is  requested 


The  claims  are  rejected,  the  1"  for  the  reason  that  as  de¬ 
scribed  MB'  is  a  useless  addition  to  the  device  having  no 
function  and  performing  no  office,  an  explanation  should  he 
given  touching  these  points,  and  also  setting  forth  the  cir¬ 
cuits  when  key  S  1  is  open. 

The  2d  claim  for  the  reason  that  relay  is  not  in  a  shunt 
circuit,  and  that  there  appears  to  he  no  combination  Yfith  S,L. 

Z.  3?.  Wilber 


'Case  C" 


Washington  D.  C . 
October  9th  187 


TIon.  K.  15.  Leggett 


I  hereby  amend  the  specification  in 
my  application  for  Letters  Patent  for 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus,  filed 

April  29th  1873,  by  cancelingthat  part 
following  line  2, 
of  recital  of  invention  enApage  2 

and  inserting; 

—and  consists  in  com¬ 
bining  two  opposing  batteries  (one 
of  which  may  be  shunted)  and  an 
4  e Hunting  battery  and  rheostat  with 
C&J-.l/'fi  a  relay  so  as  to  prevent  the  said 

relay  from  responding  to  the  signals 
of  the  home  station  but  allow  it 
to  respond  to  th  e  signals  of  the 
distant  station. 

Also  by  canceling  lines  3  to  7 ,  in¬ 
clusive,  page  3,  and  inserting; 


jj  0i f.f\  the  consequent  effect  of  the  same 
Qgj..  l>foin  determining  the  course  of  the 

electrical  currents,  is  regulated  by 


the  rheostat  R,  which  is  made 
Gki-.H'jz  adjustable  in  any  of  the  well 
known  ways. - 

Also  by  inserting  /--(hut  not  to  m)--, 
after  "n",  9th  line  from  bottom 
of  pago  3. 


Also  by  canceling  words  between 


Kt^d  line,  and  "station",  8th  line 
page  4  and  inserting; 


--the  circuit 

of  the  main  battery  M  B  through 
wire  ra,  Btops  d.  and  b,  lever  S,L, 
<32vl-//fj  and  wire  n;  and  also  the  main 

or  line  circuit  through  battery  M 
B,  magnet  A  and  the  line  to 
distant  station — 


Also  by  canceling  lines  12  to  17 
inclusive  page  4  and  inserting; 

— effect 

of  the  outgoing  main  current  on 

the  relay  A  of  the  home  station 
neutralized, 

GSUX-.ll'jS'  is*f  or  the  reason  that  the  cur¬ 
rent  from  the  opposing  or  like 
pole  of  the  equating  battery  E  B 


meets  Baid  main  current  in  the 
helix  of  the  relay. 

Say  that  the  force  of  each  battery 
is  represented  by  4,  and  the  re- 
sistance  of  the  rheostat  R  by  2; 
then  it  is  evident  the  neutralizing 
power  of  the  battery's  R  on  the  battery 
M  B  will  be  equal  to  2,  which  leaves 
half  the  force  of  the  latter  available 
for  transmission  to  distant  sta¬ 
tion.  Thus  one  part  of  the  cur¬ 
rent  of  the  main— 

Also  by  canceling  last  line  page 
4,  and  all  of  page  5  and  inserting; 

— pending  to  them,  the  resistance 
of  rheostat  R  being  compensated 
for  or  overcome  by  the  power  of 
the  equating  battery  75  B. 

When  both  stations  are  trans- 
aScJr.l/'ji  “ftting  signals,  at  the  same  time, 
the  battery  MB'  of  each  will  be 
•  shunted  by  Ihe  circuit  formed 
through  m' .lever  S  L,  stop  d,  and 
wire  m,  leaving  the  main  battery 
M  B  of  each  station  to  combine 


its  power  with  the  other  (at  the 
other  station)  to  operate  the  res¬ 
pective  relays  A,  its  connection  with 
its  relay  being  through  the  wire 
o,  and  wire  n,  spring  a,  battery 
"E  B,  Rheostat  R,  and  wire 

Thus  the  function  of  the  battery 
B'  is  supplemental;  first,  in  that 
M'j3,  it  neutralizes  the  effect  of  the 

main  battery  M  B  (by  opposing  polarity) 
when  the  lever  SB  is  open  and  the 
home  station  is  not  transmitting 
which  leaves  the  relay  A  free  to 
respond  to  the  signals  of  the 
distant  station;  and  second,  in 
that  when  the  lever  S  L  is  closed, 
it  (MB')  is  shunted,  and  leaves 
the  main  battery  M  B  free  to 
act  in  transmission  of  signals 
to  the  distant  station — 

Also  by  canceling  claims  and 
inserting; 

"Is*  The  combination  of  the  batteries 
QlcA--  l/'j 3  M  B  and  M  B'  one  of  which  may 

be  shunted,  with  relay  A,  equating 


4 


battery  E  B,  rheostat  R,  and  suitable 
aoceBsory  connections  for  operating 
as  specified. 

OuA-H'yb.  2d  The  main  battery  M  B  and 

equating  battery  E  B  in  combination 
with  the  relay  A  &  rheostat  K,  all 
connected  by  the  means  shown 
and  described". 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
per  Hunn  &  Co 


Attorneys. 


Sir: 


New  York  Oct.  15th  1873 

I  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  W.  Serrell,  New  York,  my  agent 
and  Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a  patent  on 
Duplex  Telegraphs,  revoking  all  previous  authority  and  author¬ 
ize  him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever  may  be  necessary 
in  the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  I  could  do  if  per¬ 
sonally  present,  and  to  receive  the  Patent  when  granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett  Thomas  A  Edison 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


OPPICE  POR  PATENTS, 

119  &  121  NASSAU  STREET,  NEW  YORK, 
Oct.  15th  1873 

The  correspondence  on  this  case,  and  also  the  Patent, 
when  granted,  you  will  please  address  to  my  care.  Oblige 
by  returning  the  drawing 
,  Respectfully  Yours, 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett  LEMUEL  W.  SERRELL. 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


(Ho.l.) 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington, ,D.  C.,  April  30",  1873. 


T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex, Telegraph, 
Case  C,  filed  April  29"  1873. 

74/104 

Very  respectfully, 


Commissioner . 


Examiner's  Room,  No.  98 

This  app'n  has  been  examined  and  a  patent  is  refused. 

In  the  first  place  there  is  no  sufficient  description  of 
the  combination  and  operation  of  the  devices  and  circuits, 
nothing  explaining  clearly  elearly  the  duplex  operation.  As 
described  the  battery  K,B'y  seems  to  be  entirely  superfluous. 
A  sounder  lever,  magnet  and  battery  are  spoken  of  but  the  de¬ 
vices  referred  to  are  not  such. 

As  to  the  ljj.  claim,  a  shunt  circuit  &  equating  battery 
around  or  which  circuit 

are  claimed  but  Per  what  the  circuit  is  shunted  is  not  stated. 
In  terms  the  claim  however  is  anticipated  by  patent  of  John  C. 
WilBon  March  4"  1873 

The  2**  claim  is  also  anticipated  by  same  patent. 

Exr 


Z.  P.  Wilber 


U.  S.  PATENT  OPS' ICE. 


7th  i 


APPLICATION  OP 
Thos.  A.  Edison 
Piled  April. 26,  1873 


CONTENTS  OP  THIS  PILE. 


2 

3 


Application 

Office  Letter  April  30/73. 


Office  Letter  June  6/73 

4  ■  &  ae°'*~ //  //  °  ‘ 


7 

8 


10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 


18 


30.  .r  ELECTF  Try.  •  y 
[50]  Duplex  iegrapha.  ^ 


Qy4-S  JO 


$ 


PATE ICSTT  OFFICE, 
la  all  persons  In  uilpiii  Hpse  prsssnls  sIpiH  toms,  ©reeling : 

H llis  ill  io  cerlifl!  Sfltai  i/e  annexed  id  a  tnuc  co/iy  from  i/e 
- . o/t/iid  crfSe* 

_ {■/.  Y-yi  -;-C(  /-/rj/Sffs  f-L££/£ir.fri£r*e^  _ 

i./jly/-.'...  ^  / ?,/<! _ 1 _ 


Isslimomj  uiIjtrsoF  <J ?  /cmle  /wieanto  6et  my  /a/nd  and 
cauAcd  i/e  deai  <3/ i/e  latent  Cfrice  io^/e  affixed  at 

t/ie  (Siiy  ofr  ^/ud/inyion  t/id — //.Al . day 

\  o/ _ CfrdzL.C.. .  .~,  in,  i/e  yean  atw  3kwd 

£  one  i/ouAand  nine  /umfoed - 

.  and  t/e  dlndc/icndance  < <fr  i/e  limited  Gftated  o/f 
S/metdca  i/e  one  /wndxed amd^fffr/  t/C,  .  /C'/.-t  d,  ■ 


y 


p  e  t.  i  non. 


To  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

The  Petition  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the 
County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey 

Respectfully  Represents  - 

That  your  petitioner  ha6  invented  a  new  and  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  believes  has 
not  been  known  or  used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof 
by  your  petitioner.  He  therefore  prays  that, letters 
Patent  of  the  United  States  of  America  may  be  granted  to 
j  himtherefor,  vesting  in  him  and  his  legal  representatives 

the  exclusive  right  to  the  same,  upon  the  terms  and  condi¬ 
tions  expressed  in  the  Act  of  Congress  in  that  case  made 
and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars  into  the 
j  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  otherwise  complied 

with  the  requirements  of  6aid  Act.  And  he  hereby  authorizes 
0.  D.  Kunn  and  A.  E.  Beach  of  the  firm  of  MUNN  &  CO. ,  of 
the  Cities  of  Hew  York  and  Washington ,  pr  their  accredited 
Agents,  to  act  as  his  Attorneys  in  presenting  the  applica¬ 
tion,  and  in  making  all  such  alterations  and  amendments 
as  may  be  required,  and  to  sign  his  name  to  the  drawings. 

ThomaB  A  Edison 


v\.  • 


OATH  . 

Oitv  U  County  of  New  York) 

)ss. 

State  of  New  York  ) 

On  this  Sixteenth  day  of  April  1873,  before  the 
subscriber,  A  Notary  Public,  in  and  for  said  County, 
personally  appeared  the  above-named  Thomas  A^Sdi eon  and 
made  solemn  OATH  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be 
the  original  and  first  inventor  of  the  within  described 
Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus  and  that  he  does  not 
know  or  believe  that  the  same  was  ever  known  or  used;  and 
that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

T.  B.  Mosher 

Notary  Public. • 


(Notarial  Seal) 


-Caae  D  - 


Specification  describing 
a  new  and  Improved 
Duplex  Te7e  graph  Apparatus 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison 
of  Newark  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  State  of  New 
Jersey. 

This  invention 
relates  to'  apparatus,  for 
simultaneous' transmission 

of  two  dispatches  or  signals 
over  the  same  line  wire 
in  opposite  directions  and 
consists  in  the  neutraliz¬ 
ing  of  the  effect  of  the 
out  going  current  on  the 
receiving  instrument  by 

an  adjustable  opposing 
operated* 

magnet,Aby  a  local  battery 
so  that  the  relay  is  pre¬ 
vented  from  responding  to 
the  signals  of  the  home 
station.  It  also  consists  in 
the  arrangement  of  an  in¬ 
duct!  on  magnet  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  the  local  battery 
and  the  main  line,  for 


neutralizing  the  static  cur¬ 
rent  of  the  line. 

In  the  accompanying 
drawing 

figure  1  -  represents 
a  plan  view  of  my  im¬ 
proved  apparatus  for  double 
transmission,  and 

ffgiure  2  -  is  a 
side  elevation  partly  in 
section,  of  the  relay  and 
the  opposing  local  magnet. 

Similar  letters  of 
reference  indicate  correspond¬ 
ing  parts. 

A  represents  the 
receiving  magnet,  the  cores 
a  of  which  are  provided 
with  projecting  pieces  a' 
placed  sideways  of  the 
axis  of  the  cores  towards 
each  other,  requiring  a  smaller 
armature ,  of  lever  L.  The 
local  magnet  B  having 
projecting  cores  b,  is  placed 
against  the  magnet  Aj  with 
opposing  poles,  the  N  and  S 
poles  of  the  local  magnet 


respectively.  The  lever  L, 
with  its  armature  is  work¬ 
ing  between  the  forward 
projecting  cores  of  the  mag¬ 
net  B.  The  local  magnet 
B  is  connected  by  guide 
rodB  d  and  d*  with  pillar 
e  and  made  adjustable 
towards  magnet  A  by  means 
of  spiral  spring  f  and  thumb 
screw  g.  The  magnet  B 
may  thereby  be  adjusted 
so  as  to  exactly  neutral¬ 
ize  the  effect  of  the  out,, 
going  current  of  the  main 
battery  on  lever  L.  The 
local  magnet  B  is  operated 
by  the  local  battery  l.B. 
placed  by  contact  h  in 
connection  with  spring  con¬ 
tact  h*  of  sounder  lever 
S  L  which  is  again  oper¬ 
ated  in  the  usual  manner 
by  sounder  battery  L  B, 

Key  K  and  magnet  S.  The 
local  battery  may  be  dis-' 
pensed  with  and  a  second¬ 
ary  current  sent  from  the 


main  battery  be  made  in 
the  usual  manner.  The 
main  battery  connects  by 
wire  m  to  the  relay  A  and 
the  line  and  by  wire 
n  to  the  sounder  lever 
which  is  placed  by  con¬ 
tact  stop  i  through  rheo¬ 
stat  R  in  a  shunt  circuit, 
with  the  carbon  poles  of 
the  main  and  neutral¬ 
ising  batteries  MB  and  MB', 
the  latter  being  connected 
to  the  earth  E.  C  is  an 
induction  magnet,  having 
one  coil  B  in  the  same 
local  circuit,  the  ottier 
coil  E  in  circuit  with  the 
main  line. 

On  operating  the  apparatus, 
the  out  going  current  of  the 
main  battery  M  B,  on  closing 
sounder  lever  S  X.,  is  divi¬ 
ded,  one  portion  passing 
through  relay  A  to  the 
line,  the  other  through 
contacts  I  and  rheostat  R 

M  B  and  the  earth. 


to  battery 


Rheostat  R  1b  of  slight  re¬ 
sistance,  to  prevent  too 
touch  spark  on  contact, 
point  i.  The  local  circuit 
is  connected  at  the  same 
time  by  contacts  h  h'  and 
thereby  the  effect  of  the 
outgoing  current  upon  the 
cores, a,  of  the  relay  neu¬ 
tralized  by  the  opposite 
polarities  of  the  cores  b  of 
the  local  magnet  B.  The 
current  passes  therefore  to 
the  distant  station,  without 
effecting  the  lever  1,  as 
the  sounder  lever  closes 
the  local  circuit,  at  the 
moment  the  main  battery 
is  thrown  on  the  line. 

When  the  sounder  lever 
S  1  Is  open  the  armature 
lever  L  responds  to  the 
current  of  the  distant 
station,  as  no  opposing 
polarity  of  the  local  magnet 
prevents  its  attraction. 

When  the  sounder  levers 
are  closed  at  both  stations, 


the  current  of  the  main  battery 
at  the  home  station 
is  neutralized  by  the 
local  magnet,  but  the 
current  of  the  distant  sta¬ 
tion,  being  of  equal  polar¬ 
ity  with  it,  attracts  the 
lever  L  and  responds  there¬ 
by  to  the  signals  of  the 
distant,  station. 

The  static  current  of 
the  line  is  neutralized 
at  the  moment  of  closing 
and  opening  the  sounder 
lever  S  L.  When  the  sounder 
lever  is  closed  the  in¬ 
duction  coil  7)  of  the  lo¬ 
cal  battery  ig  acting 
upon  the  iron  core  C, 
which  induces  a  moment¬ 
ary  current  into  F  and 
upon  the  line  opposite 
to  and  of  equal  dura¬ 
tion  v/ith  the  static  cur¬ 
rent  thereby  neutralizing 
each  other.  At  the  moment 
of  opening  the  sounder 
lever,  the  static  current 

-6- 


is  at  opposite  polarity 
and  is  then  neutralized 
by  the  induction  current 
of  coil  P,  v/hich  is  also  in 
opposite  direction.  The 
amount  of  induction 
electricity  can  be  regulated 
by  means  of  -  a  rheostat 
shunt  around  the  magnet  D. 


Raving  thus  described 
my  Invention-  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by 
Letters  Patent  is 

First  -  In  apparatus  for 
double  transmission,  the  receiv¬ 
ing  instrument  A,  having  inside 
projecting  cores  a  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  opposing  magnet  B 

having  projecting  cores  b,  adjustable 
the  former 

towards* and  operated  substantially 
as  for  the  purpose  described. 

Second  -  The  induction  magnet 
C,  having  coils  D  and  F  placed 
in  the  local  battery  L  B  and 
the  main  line,  to  neutralize 
the  static  current  on  the  . 
same,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purpose  described. 

Thomas  A  ICdison 

Witnesses 
Paul  Goepel. 

Alex  F, Roberts 


U.S. Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C.  April  30,1373. 


T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Ilunn  &  Oo. 

■Present 

P1,ae.  find  ».I»  Communication  fro.  the  to*"" 
r.latle.  to  your  appl'n  for  patent  for  Pupl.u  Apparatu., 
Case  D  filed  April  22nd  1373 

Very  respectfully, 

Coinraissioner. 


Examiner's  Room,  Bo.  98 

mi.  appl'n  ha.  boon  e*»m.*  “I.  “  *'  r°”a  “** 
opecifioation  i.  ohjootion.il.  in  that  it  do.,  not 

clearly  -plain  •"*  '»»*  *“>’  «*'  d',Vl”‘  “*  “  *  dWl“ 
telegraph. 

Ae  to  th.  claim.,  «h.  1"  1.  e.hetenti.lly  antloipat.d 
hy  forfeit*,  appl'n  of  Hill  and  Haehins/ovr  17  187-1  -  Hi. 
3d  is'meanlngleea'as.  presented,  in*  ouh.tanoe  it  i>  o»h.t»*- 

tially  anticipated  hy  Patent.  of  1-  H.  Steam.  «  »* 

1872  &  March  18"  1872  (136,873) 

A  patent  is  accordingly  refused. 


Washington ,  P.  C. 

7,ay  23d,  1673. 


Hon.  ST.  Leggett 
Commr.  ol‘  Patents 
Sir: 

I  hereby  amend  the  specification  in  any 
application  for  Letters  Patent  for  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus,  (caseD)  filed  April 
22d  1873,  by  erasing  all  of  specification  except 
signatures  and  substituting; 

To  all  whom  it  may  concern: 

Be  it  known 

that  X,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark, 
in  the  County  of  Essex,  and  State  of 
New  Jersey,  have  invented  a  new  and 
Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus; 
and  I  do  hereby  declare  that  the  fol¬ 
lowing  is  a  full,  clear,  and  exact  de¬ 
scription  of  the  same,  reference  being 
had  to  the  accompanying  drawing, 
forming  a  part  of  this  Specification. 

This  invention  relates  to  apparatus 
for  simultaneous  transmission  of 
two  dispatches  or  signals  over  the 


same  line  wire  in  opposite  directions,  and 
consists  in  the  neutralizing  of  the  effect 
of  the  outgoing  current  on  the  receiving 
instrument  of  the  home  station  hy  an 
adjustable  opposing  magnet,  operated 
by  a  local  battery,  so  that  the  relay 
is  prevented  from  responding  to  the 
signals  of  the  home  station.  It  also 
consists  in  the  arrangement  of  an 
induction  magnet  in  connection  with 
the  local  battery,  and  the  main  line, 
for  neutralizing  the  static  current  of 
the  line. 

In  the  drawing- 

Figure  1  represents  a  plan  view  of 
my  improved  apparatus  for  double 
transmission,  and 

Figure  2  is  a  side  elevation,  partly  in 
section,  of  the  relay  and  the  op¬ 
posing  local  magnet. 

A.  represents  the  receiving  magnet, 
the  cores  a  of  which  are  provided 
with  projecting  pieces  a'  placed  side- 


V 


ways  of  and  'between  the  two  axes  of  the 

cores  thus  requiring  a  smaller  armature 
for 

qX  A  lever  L.  A.  local  magnet  B  having 
projecting  cores  b,  is  placed  against, 
magnet  A,  with  opposing  poles,  the 
North  and  South  poles  of  the  receiving  mag 
net  opposite  the  South  and  North  poles 
of  the  local  magnet,  respectively. 

The  lever  1  with  its  armature  is. 
work4feg-  between  the  cores  of  magnet 
B,  as  indicated  in  Big.  2.  The  local 
magnet  B  is  connected  by  guide  rods 
d  and  d'  with  pillars  e  and  made 
adjustable  towards  magnet  A  by  means 
of  spiral  spring  f  and  thumb-screw 
£.  The  magnet  B  may  thereby  be 
adjusted  so  as  to  exactly  neutralize 
the  effect  of  the  outgoing  current  of  the 
home  main  battery  on  lever  L.  The 
local  magnet  B  is  operated  by  the 
local  battery  L  B  placed  by  contact  h 
in  connection  with  spring  contact  h' 
of  armature  lever  S  L,  which  is  again 
operated  in  the  usual  manner  J>y 
the  battery  L.B,  key  K  and  magnet  5. 

The  local  battery  may  be  dispensed 
with  and  a  secondary  current  from 


the  main  'battery  made  in  the  usual 
manner. 

supplemental  U  B 1 

The«main  battery^ connects  by  v/ire 

m  to  the  relay  A  and  -the  line  and 
branch 

by  ^  wire  h  to  the  sounder  lever  which 
latter 

^is  placed  by  contact  stop  i.  through 
rheostat  R  in  a  shunt  circuit  with 
the  carbon  poles  of  the  main  and 
neutralizing  batteries  M  B  and  M  B',  the 
latter  being  connected  to  the  earth 
E. 

C  is  an  induction  magnet,  hav¬ 
ing  one  coil  D  in  the  local  circuit, 
the  other  coil  3?  in  circuit  with  the 
main  line.  On  operating  the  ap¬ 
paratus,  the  outgoing  current  of  the 
main  battery  M  B  on  closing  lever 
S  L  is  divided,  one  portion  passing 
through  relay  A  to  the  line,  the  other 
through  contact  i.  and  rheostat  R 
to  battery  It  B*  and  the  earth. 

Rheostat  R  is  of  slight  resistance 
to  prevent  too  much  spark  on  contact 
.point  i.  The  local  circuit  is  con¬ 
nected  at  the  same  time  by  con^ 
tacts  h  h'  and  thereby  the  effect 
of  the  outgoing  current  upon  the 


coreejn  of  the  relay  neutralized  hy 
the  opposite  polarities  of  the 
cores  b  of  the  local  magnet  B. 

The  current  passes  therefore  to  the 
distant  station, without  affecting 
the  lever  L,as  the  sounder  lever 
classes  the  local  circuit  at  the 
moment  the  main  battery  is  thrown 
on  the  line.  1fc«i  the  sounder  lever 
s  i  iS  open  the  armature  lever  L 
responds  to  the  current  of  the 
distant  station,  as  so  opposing 
polarity  of  the  local  magnet  pre¬ 
vents  its  attraction.  V/hen  the 
sounder  levers  are  closed  at  both 
stations,  the  current  of  the  main 
battery  at  the  home  station  would 
be  neutralized  by  the  local  mag¬ 
net,  but  the  current  of  the  distant 
station,  adding  an  equal  degree  ' 
of  power  to  the  current  of  the  main 
battery  M  B,  so  that  the  magnet  A 
with  by  its  additional  strength 
overcomes  the  resistance  of  the  op¬ 
posing  magnet  B,  and  lever  L  respond, 
thereby  to  the  signals  of  the  distant  stati. 

For  neutralizing  the  static  current 


of  the  line  at  the.momenft  of  closing 
and  opening 'the  lever  S  L,  the  local 
and  main  lines  are  connected  to 
the  coils  D  and  P  respectively.  When 
the  lever  S.L  is  closed,  the  induction 
coil  I)  of  the  local  circuit  is  acting 
upon  the  iron  core  C,  which  induces 
a  momentary  current  in  F  and 
upon  the  line  opposite  to  and  of 
equal  duration  with  the  static  cur¬ 
rent;  thereby  neutralizing  the  same. 

At  the  moment  of  opening  the  lever 

S  L,  the  static  current  of  the  line 

iVtv  tv* 

is  f-i/jopposite  direction,  -the 
and  is  then. neutralized 
again  by  the  induction  current 
of  coil  P,  which  is  also  in  op¬ 
posite  direction.  The  amount  of 

inductive  electricity  can  be  regulated 
.  placed  in  a 

by  means  of  a  rheostat^  shunt 

around  the  coil  D. 

Having  thus  described  my  inven¬ 
tion,  what  I  claim  as  new  and 
desire  to  secure  by  letters  Patent  is: 


1st.  The  combination  of  the  receiving 


magnet  A,  having  the  projecting 
pieces  a'  between  the  axes  of  its 
cores,  with  the  adjustable  opposing 
magnet  B  of  the  local  .circuit  and 
with  the  operating  lever  L,  substan¬ 
tially  as  specified. 

2d.  The  induction  magnet  C,  car¬ 
rying  the  coils  D  and  F,  which 
are  respectfully  placed  in  the 
local  and  main  circuit,  for 
neutralizing  the  static  current, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

per  Munn  &  Co. 


Attorneys. 


10. 

U.S.-Patent  office, 

Washington  D.C.  June  7",  1873 

T.  A.  -Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  appl’n  for  patent,  for  Duplex  Telegraph 
filed  April  21"  1873 

Case  D  72/04 

Very  respectfully, 

Commissioner. 


Examiner's  Room  No.  98 

As  amended  this  app.'.rt  has  been  re-examined  and  it  is 
found  that  the  new  specification  filed  needs  correction 
in  some  particulars. 

On  last  line  of  p  2  a  "secondary  current"  is  spoken 
term 

of,  which  en-aleetPio  is  usually  taken  as  synonomous  with 
"induced  current",  is  not  a'hranch  circuit"  what  is  meant? 
The  1"  paragraph  of  page  4  is  unintelligible.  In  the  next 
paragraph  is  there  not  a  mistake  in  the  description  of  the 
circuit  of  M.3.  wherein  a  part  of  the  current  thereof  is 
described  as  going  through  n, -,S  I>,  i,  R,  M..B*  to  earth. 

It  certainly  is  not  so  shown  in  the  drawing. 

The  meaning  of  the  last  sentence  on  p  5  (commencing 
"When  the  sounder  levers")  is  obscure  from  the  faulty  con¬ 
struction.  The' object  of  the  sentence  is  to  show  hot/  the 
current  of  V.  B.  is  reenforced  by  the  current  of  the 


battery  at  distant  station.  To  do  this  it  will  ibe  nec- 
cessary  to  give  a  description  of  the  arrangement  of  the 
batteries  at  each  end  and  of  their  circuits  in  the  vary¬ 
ing  positions  of  the  keys  or  circuit  breakers. 

On  p  6  D  is  spoken  of  as  the  induction  coil,  from 
thereof 

the  drawing  !)  would  appear  to  be  the  primary  coil  ^  . 

The  description  of  the  coil  on  p  4  is  faulty  in  not  clear¬ 
ly  describing  the  coil  and  stating  which  are  the  primary 
&  secondary  helices. 

What  is  meant  by  a"rheostat  shunt",  spoken  of  in  sen¬ 
tence  just  before  claims? 

armature 

Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  the^ lever  Kpy  S.L 
is  spoken  of  in  several  places  as  a  "^Sounder  lever". 

As  presented  the  claims  are  substantially  those  before 
rejected  and  are.  again  rejected  on  some  references.  See 
also  J.  B.  Stearns  patent  of  June  2d  68  (78548).  Appt's  dif¬ 
ferential  relay  differs  slightly  from  that  of  Stearns  and  Hill 
Sc  Haskins,  but  the  combinations  are  identical 

Z.  S'.'  Wilber 
Ex. 


Mew  York  October  15 ,  1873 


I  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  W.  Serrell,  Mew  York,  my 
agent  and  Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a 
patent  on  Duplex  Telegraphs,  revoking  all  previous  author- 
ity.and  authorize  him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever 
may  be  necessary  in  the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely 
as  X  could  do  if  personally  present,  and-  to  receive  the 
Patent  when  granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

ThOB  A.  Edison. 

Hon.  Jit  I),  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


OFFICE  FOR  PATENTS , 

119  &:121  Nassau  Street,  New, York. 
Octo  15  1873 

The  correspondence  on  this  case,  and  also  the  Patent, 
when  granted,  you  will  please  address  to  my  care.  Oblige 
by  returning  the  drawing.  • 

Respectfully  Yours, 

LEMUEL  W.  SERRELL. 

Hon.  M  D  Leggett. 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


U.S. PATENT  OJFICE. 


APPLICATION  OP 
T.  A.  Edison,  1 
piled  Apl.  21,  1873. 


Contents  of  this  Pile. 

1  Application 

2  Office  Letter  April  30/73 

3 

4  Office  Letter  June  7/73 

5 


8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 


18 


Case  D. 

1873. 


No. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 


Of  Newark. 

County  of  Essex, 

State  of  New  Jersey. 

Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus 
Rac'd  April  21  ,  1873. 

Petition  «  »  n 

Affidavit  "  »  it 

Specification  .  »  »  » 

^Drawing  "  22  " 

Model  n  it  n 

Cert.  Dep. 

yCash  $15  April  21  ,  1873 

Add'l  Pee  Cert. 

"  "  Cash 

Examined 

^.Patented  18  , 

Recorded  vol.  page 

Circular 

Hunn  and  Se, 

Present. 


Lemuel  TV.  Serrell 
New  York  City 


P.G. 


Case  "E" 


PETITION. 

To  the  ComnisBioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

The  Petition  of  ThomaB  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey  Respectfully  Eopresents--- 
That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  believes  has  not  been 
known  or  used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof  by  your  petitioner. 
He  therefore  prays  that  Letters  Patent  of  the  United  States  of 
America  may  be  granted  to  him  therefor,  vesting  in  him  and 
his  legal  representatives  the  exclusive  right  to  the  same, 
upon  the  terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the  Act  of  Congress 
in  that  case  made  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  'otherwise  complied 
with  the  requirements  of  said  Act.  And  he  hereby  authorizes 
0.  D.  Munn  and  A.  E.  Beach,  of  the  firm  of  1TOHN  &  CO.,  of 
the  Cities  of  Hew  York  and  Washington,  or  their  accredited 
Agents,  to  act  as  his  Attorneys  in  presenting  the  application, 
and  in  making  all  such  alterations  and  amendments  as  may  be 
required,  and  to  sign  his  name  to  the  drawings. 

Thomas  A.  Edison 


) 


OATH. 

City  &  County  of  New  York  ) 

)  SB. 

State  of  New  York  ) 

On  this  Sixteenth  day  of  April  1873,  before  the  sub¬ 
scriber,  A  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  County,  personally 
appeared  the  above-named  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  made  solemn 
Oath  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and 
first  inventor  of  the  within  described  Improved  Duplex  Tele¬ 
graph  Apparatus  and  that  he  does  not  know  or  believe  that 
the  same  was  ever  before  known  or  used;  and  that  he  is  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States. 

T.  B.  Mosher 

Notary  Public 

(Notarial  Seal) 


Specification  -  describing 
a  new  and  Improved 

Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus: 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison 
of  Newark,  in  the  County 
of  Essex,  and  State  of 
New  Jersey. - 

My  invention  relates 
to  apparatus  for  transmitting 
dispatches  or  signals  simulta¬ 
neously  over  the  same  line 
wire  in  opposite  directions 
and  consists  of  the  neutral¬ 
ization  of  the  effect  of  the 
the 

out  going  current  by^  main 
batteries  themselves,  which  are 
connected  with  same  poles 
to  both  sides  of  the  relay, 
theother  poles  being  con¬ 
nected  to  the  sounder  lever 
and  thence  to  the  earth. 

The  accompanying 
drawing  represents  a  plan 
view  of  my  improved  ap¬ 
paratus  for  double  trans- 
mi  ssl  on  in  which 

A,  represents  the 


"°'1V1“e  1”'*— «*  or  relay 

L’  itS  a^ture  lever  and 
M,B’  two  main  batteriea 

°f  equal  streno'+Vi 

length,  arranged 

at  b0th  sides  of  the 


Zink  pole  of  one 
b*«^  *•  oo„n<>otM 
t0  “•  ot  t„.  r„ 

"d  ths  ff«k  PM.  or 

*•»  tt.  othe 

*”  ””"tM  «•  •<-  «.»«„ 
1,W  $  *•  *“«  >. 
ln  th*  «>« 

6y  ‘V  K, 

S’  »•  ««■  , 

B°“  “nk  of  the 

main  batteries  are  e 

re  connected 

t0  the  relfty  A,  through 

*•  «  *• 

«tt  *«»«  re.fet.ee, 

““«»«  *r  .hor,  eir. 

0UA ting  of  the  relay  A. 

A  third  Rheostat  r2  ia 

’  18  Piaced 

relay  a,  M 
»tt  Plate  a. 


2 


contact  stop  a,  of  the 
Bounder  lever  S  L,  is  also 
connected  with  the  earth. 

On  closing  the  sounder 
lever  S,L  hy  the  depression 
of  key  K,  the  carbon  cur¬ 
rent  is  rounded  through 
contact  a,  to  the  earth, 
the  z.ink  currents  of  both 
main  batteries,  pass  through 
the  relay  A,  to  the  line, 
but  acting  against  each 
other,  neutralize  their  effect 
on  the  relay  A.  The  circuit 
with  the  main  battery  at 
the  distant  statt  on  is  there¬ 
by  closed,  and  the  signals 
are  transmitted  over  the  line, 
without  affecting  the  armature 
of  the  relay.  When  the 
sounder  lever  is  open,  the 
signals  from  the  distant 
station  pass  through  the 
relay  A,  and  the  rheostat 
2 

R  ,  to  the  earth.  The  lever 
1,  responds  to  them  as  the 
two  main  batteries  being  in 
a  shunt  around  the  relay 

3 


1 


and  opposing  each,  other ,  pro¬ 
duce  no  effect  on  the 
same  .- 

Iffhen,  however,  both 
sounder  levers  are  simultaneously 
closed  at  the  home  and 
distant  station,  the  relay 
R,  responds  in  similar  man¬ 
ner  to  the  current  from 
the  distant  station,  and 
the  relay  of  the  distant 
station  to  the  outgoing  zink 
current  of  the  home  batteries 
so  that  thereby  two  signals 
are  transmitted  at  Hie  same 
time,  one  from  either  sta¬ 
tion.- 


Having  thus  described 
my  invention. 

X  claim  as  new 
and  desire  to  secure  by 
Letters  Patent  - 

1st  The  receiving 
relay,  in  duplex  telegraph 
apparatus,  combined  with  the 
same  poles  of  two  main 
batteries,  to  neutralize  effect 
of  outgoing  current  on  the 
relay,  substantially  as  set 
forth.  - 

2nd  The  rheostats 
R  R' ,  placed  within  the 
circuits  of  the  opposing 
main  batteries  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  described. - 

Thomas.  A.  Edison 


Witnesses 

Paul  Goepel. 
Alex  P.  Roberts 


(No.l.) 
3 .  ' 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C. ,  May  2d  1873. 


T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 


Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph 
Case  E,  filed  April  22d  1873 

72/65 

Very  respectfully, 


Examiner's  Room,  No.  98 

This  app'n  has  been  considered  and  the  examination  upon 
its  merit sjppstponed  for  the  reason  the  reason  that  as  the  case 
is  presented  it  is  impossible  to  see  -how.  understand  how 
it  operates  as  a  duplex  telegraph.  ’ 


31 


Z.  F.  Wilber 


Washington  D.  C, 


May  22d  1873. 

Hon  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commr  of  patents 

Sir: 

I  hereby  amend  the  specification  in  my- 
application  for  Letters  Patent  for  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus,  (case  E)  filed  April 
2 2d  1873,  by  erasing  all  of  specification  ex¬ 
cept  signatures  and  substituting; 

"To  all  whom  it.  may  concern: 

Be  it  known 

that  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark,  in 
the  County  of  Essex,  and  State  of  New 
Jersey,  have  invented  a  new  and  Im¬ 
proved  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus;  and 
I  do  hereby  declare  that  the  following 
is  a  full,  clear,  and  exact  description 
of  the  same,  reference  being  had  to  the 
accompanying  drawing',  forming  a 
part  of  this  specification. 

My  invention  relates  to  an  apparatus 
for  transmitting  dispatches  or  signals 
simultaneously  over  the  same  line 


wire  in  opposite  directions,  and  con- 

siatsf^onnecting  the  receiving  magnet 
similar 

with  the  equal  poles  of  two  main  hat-, 
teries  at  each  station  for  the  neutraliza¬ 
tion  of  the  effect  of  the  outgoing  current 
by  such  main  batteries,  whose  other 
poles  being,  connected  to  the  armature 
lever  of  the  sending  magnet  and  thence 
to  the  earth. 

The  accompanying  drawing  represents 
a  plan  view  of  any  improved  ap¬ 
paratus  for  double  transmission. 

A  represents  the  receiving  instrument 
or  relay ,  1  its  armature  lever  and  M  B 

two  main  batteries  of  equal  strength 
or  negative 

having  their  zinc^poles  connected  with 
opposite  ends  of  the  electro  magnet  A 
in  such  a  manner  that  in  A  their 

sine  currents  will  neutralize  each  other 
or  positive 

The  carbon, poles  of  both  main  bat¬ 
teries  M  B  are  connected  with  each  other 
and  with  the  armature  lever  S  L  of  the 
sending  magnet  which  is  operated 
in  the  usual  manner  by  its  key 
K,  battery  S  B  and  magnet  S. 


2 


Both  B-iac^polea  of  the  main  batteries  are 
'  pyof orably  connected  to  the  magnet  A 
through  rheostat 8  R  and  R*  adjusted 
with  slight  resistance,  to  prevent  shunting 
or  Bhort  circuiting  of  the  magnet  A. 

A  third  rheostat  R2  is  placed  be¬ 
tween  the  relay  A  and  the  earthplate 
E.  The  contact  stop  a  of  the  lever 
S  L  is  also  connected  with  the  earth  E. 

On  closing  the  lever  S  L  by  the  de¬ 
pression  of  the  key  K,  the  carbon  currents 
of  the  main  batteries  are  rounded  through 
contact  a  to  the  earth,  the  zinc  cur¬ 
rents  of  both  main  batteries  pass  through 
the  magnet  A  to  the  line,  but  acting 
against  other  in  A,  neutralize  their 
effect  on  the  relay  A.  The  circuit  with 
the  main  batteries  at  the  distant 
station  is  thereby  closed  and  the 
signals  are  transmitted  over  the 
line,  without  affecting  the  armature 
of  the  home  instrument  A.  Wien  the 
lever  S  1  is  open  the  signals  from  the 
distant  station  pass  through  the  relay 
2 

A  and  the  rheostat  R  to  the  earth. 

The  lever  L  responds  to  Ihese  signals, 
as  the  two  home  main  batteries,  being 


3 


) 


on  a  shunt  around  the  relay  and  op¬ 
posing  each  other,  produce  no  effect 
on  the  same . 

When,  however,  both  levers  S  L  are 
simultaneously  closed  at  the  home 
and  distant  station,  both  relays  A 
respond,  because  the  two  batteries 
that  connect  directly  with  rheostat 
E  and  thence  with  opposite  ends  of 
the  line,  are  then  thrown  in  circuit 
and  overcome  by  their  joint  action  the 
opposing  effects  of  the  then  remaining 
partial  home  batteries',  to  which  they 
are  joined. 

Having  'thus  described  my  invention, 
what  I  claim  as  new  and  desire  to 
secure  by  Letters  Patent  is: 

1st  The  combination  in  one  instrument 
of  two  main  batteries  whose  equal,  poles 
connect  with  the  receiving  magnet  A, 
while  their  remaining  poles  are^j  oined. 
together  and  to  the  lever  S  L,  as  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


2d  The  rheostats  R,  R> ,  h2,  combined 
with  the  two  main  batteries  and  with 
the  magnet  A  and  lever  S.I,,  when 
the  main  batteries  of  both  stations 
connect  with  the  said  magnet,  as 
set  forth". 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
per  Munn  &  Co 


Attorneys. 


(No  .1 . ) 
June  10th 


II.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.O.,  June  7",  1873. 


T.  A.  "Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
.  present 

ji.a.e  find  below  •  Communication  fro.  the  a-*-"  r- 
.T.tive  to  your  appn  for  patent  for  »*1«  T.fogr.ph,  filed 

April  21"  1873  72/65 

Case  E 

Very  respectfully, 

Commissioner . 

Examiner '  s  Room,  No.  98 

Th,  tended  specification  filed  does  not  show  olearly 
hen  appt's  device,  .ill  act  «•  a  dupl«t  telegraph. 

There  ehonld  he  a  de.oription  of  the  arrangement  of  the 
'batteries  a»d  of  their  circuits,  starting  anif.™ly  from  on. 
pole,  ,.y  +  ,  and  proceeding  to  the  other  in  all  the  varying 

positions  of  the  hey.  via  —  **— •  — “  ** 

*  home  station  idl.  and  vice  versa  and  .hen  both  et.tions  are 
transmitting.  As  other  batteries  lhan  zinc  &  Carbon  ma. 

„..d  it  would  he  wen  to  use  th.  *.«-  poeiti- 
to  denote  polarity  of  currents.  *»«  specification 

speaks  in  several  place,  of  "sine  currents-  and  "Carbon  our- 
rent,  flowing,  on.  in  on.  direction,  -.other  in  another  direc¬ 
tion  simultaneously,  giving  the  idea  that  there  are  two  cur¬ 
rents,  this  should  be  corrected.  The  relative  resistance,  of 
s,  „2  to  th.  line,  to  th.  relay,  do  1  to  each  other  should 


■be  set  forth,  for  upon  this  relation  in  a  great  measure  hinges 
the  question  as  to  whether  there-will  current  from  distant 
station  will  go  through  A  and  whether  the  current  of  M  B  will 
be  Bent  over  line  to'  distant  station  instead  of  taking  a  short 
circuit  through  R,  A,  R2  and  S  L  when  S.L  is  closed. 

As  presented, lacking  such  explanantion,'  the  2d  claim  is  ‘ 
for  an  apparently  inoperativejpombination  and. therefore  rejected. 

The  1"  claim  is  likewise  rejected  as  the  devices  there 
grouped  de  can  accomplish  nothing  and  moreover  can  be  in  com¬ 
bination  only  through  certain  other  devices. 

2.  P.  Wilber 


Exr 


New  York  Ooto.  15th  1873 


Sir: 

X  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  W.  Serrell,  New  York,  my  agent 
and  Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a  patent  on 
Duplex  Telegraphs,  revoking  all  previous  authority  and  au¬ 
thorize  him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  in  the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  I  could  do  if 
personally  present,  and  to  receive  the  Patent  when  granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

Thos  A  Edison 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


OFFICE  FOR  PATENTS, 

119  &  121  NASSAU  STREET,  NEW  YORK, 
Octo.  15th  1873 

The  correspondence  on  this  case,  and  also  the  Patent, 
when  granted,  you  will  please  address  to  my  care.  Oblige  by 
returning  the  drawing 

Respectfully  Yours, 

LEMUEL  W.  SERRELL. 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett  . 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


APPLICATION  OF 
T.  A.  Edison, 

Filed  Apl  21,  1873. 

CONTENTS  OF  THIS  FILE. 

1.  Application 
2  Office  Letter  May  2/73 

4  Office  Letter  June  10/73 

5 

6 


9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 


18 


1  8  7  3, 


Letter 
Rej  ,d 


May  2d  1873 
June  7"  " 


PETITION, 


Case  "F" 


To  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America 
The  Petition  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey  RESPECTFULLY  REPRESENT S-- 
That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and;  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus 

which  he  verily  believes  has  not  been  known  or  used  prior 
to  the  invention  thereof  hy  your  petitioner.  He  therefore 
prays  that  LETTERS  PATENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 
may  be  granted  to  him  therefor,  vesting  in  him  and  his 
legal  representatives  the  exclusive  right  to  the  same,  upon 
the  terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the  Act  of  Congress  in 
that  case  made  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  otherwise  complied 
with  the  requirements  of  said  Act,  And  he  hereby  authorizes 
0.  D.  MONN  and  A.  E.  BEACH,  of  the  firm  of  MUNN  &  CO. ,  of  the 
Cities  of  New  York  and  Washington,  or  their  accredited  Agents, 
to  act  as  his  Attorneys  in  presenting  the  application,  and  in 
making  all  such  alterations  and  amendments  as  may  be  required, 
and  to  sign  his  name  to  the  drawings. 

Thomas  A  Edison 


) 


OATH. 

City  &  County  of  New  York  ) 

State  of  New  York  ) 

On  this  Sixteenth  day  of  April  1873,  before  the 
subscriber,  A  Notary  Public  in  and  for  the  said  County, 
personally  appeared  the  above-named  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  made 
solemn  OATH  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the 
original  and  first  inventor  of  the  within  described  Improved 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus 

and  that  he  does  not  know  or  believe  that  the  same  was  ever 
before  known. or  used;  and. that  he< is  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States. 

T.  B.  Mosher 

Notary  Public 


(Notarial  Seal) 


—Case  E~ 

Specification  describing 
a  nev/  and  Improved 

Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of 
Newark,  in  the  County  of  Essex 
and  State  of  New  Jersey. 

This  invention  re- 

-lates  to  apparatus  for  the  simulta- 
-neous  •  transmission  of  two  dispatches 
or  signals  from  opposite  ends 
over  the  same  line  wire  and 
consists  in  the  working  of 
the  receiving  instrument  by  induction 
currents,  generated  in  a  secondary 
helix  by  the  incoming  current, 
when  the  outgoing  current  is 
neutralised  by  helices  wound 
in  opposite  directions  on  the 
same  magnet,  so  that  the 
receiving  instrument  responds  to 
the  signals  of  the  distant  sta- 
-tion  without  responding  to  the 
signals  of  the  hom?  station.  - 
By  means  of  an  electro  mag- 
-net  placed  between  the  battery 
and  the  induction  coils  the  ef- 


-1- 


-feet  of  the  discharge  of  a 
static  current  is  neutralised  by 
the  charge  and  discharge  upon 
its  iron  core. 

In  the  accompanying  drawing — 

Figure  1,  represents 
a  plan  view  of  my  improved 
apparatus  for  duplex  transmission 
worked  hy  induction  currents  and 


Figure  2,  a  detail 

side  elevation  of  the  secondary  helix, 
placed  at  right  angles  to  the 
primary  coils. 

Similar  letters  of 

reference  indicate  corresponding  parts 
A,  in  the  drawing 

represents  the  receiving  instrument, 
being  a  polarised  relay  or  other 
.  electro-magnet  of  the  usual  form. 

It  is  connected  hy  wires  m. 
with  the  secondary  helix  H,  sup¬ 
ported  hy  a  standard  a  and 
placed  in  a  plane,  vertical  to 
the  axis  of  the  magnet  B.  Two 
coils  I,  and  I*  are  wound  up- 
-on  the  magnet  B  in  opposite 
directions,  helix  I  connecting  with 


the  line  and  the  "battery  H  B, 
helix  I*  with  the  battery  M,  B, 
and  a  rheostat  R  to  the  earth 
E.-  These  helices  may  also 
be  wound  in  opposite  directions 
in  one  coil  instead  of  being 
separated.  The  secondary  helix 
H  embraces  vertically  the  helix 
1,  the  core  B  of  which  is 
supported  by  standards  a' . 

C  is  an  electro-magnet  placed 
between  battery  M,  B,  and  the 
magnet  B  and  connected  by 
wire  n  to  contact  stopb  of 
the  sounder  lever  S,  L,  which 
is  again  connected  to  the  zinc 
poles  of  the  two  opposing 
batteries  M,  B  and  M,  B«  and  the 
latter  with  the  earth  plate  E' . 

The  sounder  lever  S,  L,  is  ope- 
- rated  in  the  usual  manner  by 
sounder  battery  L,  B,  Key  R  and 
sounder  magnet  S. 

The  working  of  this  appa¬ 
ratus  for  double  transmission  is 
based  on  the  principle  of 
galvanic  induction,  according  to 
which  by  each  closing  and  open- 


-inrr  of  the  battery  momenta- 
-ry  induction  currents  of  opposite 
directions  are  produced.  Yl/hen 
therefore,  a  current  from  the 
distant  station  passes  over  the 
main  line  into  helix  I  of 
core  B,  a  momentary  cur-rent 
in  opposite  direction  to  the 
same  is  induced  in  helix  H, 
which  throws  the  lever  or 
tongue  1  of  the  polarised 
relay  A  over  to  one  side.- 

Y/hen  the  battery  at  the 
distant  station  is  disconnected, 
the  induction  current  in  the 
secondary  helix,  though  of  e- 
-qual  direction  with  it,  is  in 
opposite  direction  to  the  first 
induction  current  and  throws 
therefore  tongue  I  back  to 
its  former  place.  The  relay 
A  responds  in  this  manner 
to  the  signals  from  the  dis- 
~tant  station  by  the  opposite 
induction  currents  of  helix  H. 

On  transmitting  signals 
from  the  home  station  to  the 
distant  station,  the  current  di- 


-vides,  'before  entering  into  coilB 
I  and  I'  They  being  wound 
in  opposite  directions  on  magnet  B, 
exercise  no  influence  upon  it 
and  induce  consequently  no 
currents  in  the  secondary  helix 
H.  One  part  of  the 
main  current  passes  therefore  to 
the  distant  station,  the  other 
part  through  rheostat  R  to 
the  earth.  The  outgoing  curv 
-rent  exercises  no  effect  on 
relay  A,  the  relay  at  the 
distant  station  responding  to  the 
same.- 

IMhen  both  stations  are 
transmitting  at  the  same  time, 
the  current  from  the  distant  sta- 
-tion  produces  induction  currents 
in  the  secondary  helix  H  so 
that  the  relay  A  responds  to 
the  signals  of  the  distant  sta- 
-tion.  The  outgoing  current  . 
being  neutralized  in  the  manner 
described,  operating  the  relay  at 
the  distant  station.-  The  con- 
-dltions  of  double  transmission  are 
therefore  fulfilled  and  the  res- 


-5- 


-pective  relays  responding  simulta- 
-neaously  to  the  currents  from 
the  other  stations. - 

The  object  of  the  electro 
magnet  C  is  to  neutralize  the 
static  current  and  to  prevent 
a  spark  at  contact  b.  The 
magnet  C  could  also  he  placed 
on  the  compensating  circuit,  hut 
would  not  he  so  effective. - 

The  disturbing  effects  of  a 
discharge  of  a  steady  current 
on  the  magnet  B  and  its 
.  helices  I,  amd  X’  are  neutral¬ 
ized  by  the  charge  and  dis- 
-charge  of  the  current  upon 
its  iron  core.- 


Having  thus  described  my  invention, 
what  I  claim  as  new  and  desire 
to  secure  by  letters  Patent  is 

Plrst; •  In  apparatus 
for  double  transmission,  a  polarized 
relay  A,  placed  in  a  secondary  cir- 
-cuit  to  be  worked  by  induction  cur- 
-rcnts,  generated  by  primary  and 
secondary,  helices  I,  and  H,  as  described. 

Second.-  The  secondary 
helix  II  in  connection  with  magnet 

B,  having  opposite  helices  I  and  I* 
to  neutralize  effect  of  outgoing  cur- 
-ront,  substantially  as  described. - 

Third.-  The  electro  magnet 

C,  airanged  as  set  forth,  to 
destroy  the  static  discharge,  as 
described. - 

Thomas  A  Edison 

Witnesses 

Paul  Goepel 
Prank  Blockley 


-7- 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C. ,  May  2,^1873 

T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
present 

PleaBe  find  helow  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph. 
Case  3?  filed  April  22d  1873 

72/  66 

Very  respectfully, 


Contnissioner, 

- 0 - 

Examiner's  Room,  No.  98 

This  app'n  has  been  examined  and  a  patent  is  refused  for 
the  following  reasons: 

S  L.  SV  B  &  S  M.  are  described  as  being  the 
sounder  &  accessories  when  such  is  not  the  case.  It  is  not 
clear  from  the  description  &  drawings  how  C  neutralizes  the 
static  current,  nor  how  the  "disturbing  effects"  spoken 
of  in  paragraph  prec ceding  claims  are  neutralized  by  "the 
charge  and  discharge  of  the  current  upon  its  iron  core". 

As  to  the  claims,  the  1"  is  held  to  be  lacking 

in  invention,  it  being  old  to  apply  a  secondary  current  to 
G  d 

telegraphy,  See  ^  Doyle's  patent  Jany  31"  1860  and  rej—  app'n 

of  applicant  filed  Jany  15"  1873, 

The  3d  claim  is  anticipated  by  patent  .of 
J.  B.  Stearns  136,873,  April  8"  1873.- 

Z.  E.  Wilber 


Exr 


Washington  D.  c, 

Hay  22"  1873. 


Hon  It.  D.  Leggett 
Comm"  of  Patents 
Sir: 

I  hereby  amend  the  specification  in 
^  application  for  letters  Patent  for 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus,  (case  F) 
filed  April  22#  1873,  by  erasing  all  of 
specification  except  signatures  and 
substituting; 


'•r°  a11  whom  it  may  concern: 

De  it  known 

that  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark, 
in  the  County  of  Essex,  and  State  of 
Hew  Jersey,  have  invented  a  new  and 
Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus; 
and  I  do  hereby  declare-’  that  the  fol¬ 
lowing  is  a  full,  clear,  and  exact 
description  of  the  same,  reference 
being  had  to  the  accompanying 
drawing,  forming  a  part  of  this  .= 
specification. 

£**<■*  l 

A. 

-p  3 


-l- 


of'\two  dispatches  or  signals /rrom 
opposite  ends  over  the  same  line 
wire ,  and  consists  in  the  working 
of  the  receiving  instrument  hy  in¬ 
duction  currents  generated  in  a  secondary 
helix  hy  the  incoming  current,'  while 
the  outgoing  current  is  neutralized 
hy  helices  wound  in  opposite  direc- 
■  A  tions  on  the  same  magrtet,  embraced 

<%ct--/7  7i-  the  secondary  helix  so  that  the 

receiving  instrument  responds  to  the 
signals  of  the  distant  station  without 
responding  to  the  signals  of  the  home 
station.  By  means  of  an  electroX  magnet 
placed  between- the  battery  and  the\ 
induction  coils  the  injurious  effect\ 
upon  the  latter  of  the  discharge  of  a 
static  current  isjieut ralized.  . — 


Figure  1  represents  a  plan  view  of 
my  improved  apparatus  for  duplex 
transmission  wortoed  by  induction  cur¬ 
rents,  and 

Figure  2,  a  detail  side  elveation 


J 


of  the  secondary  helix  placed  at  right 
angles  to  the  primary  coils. 


A  is  the  drawing  represents  the  r< 
ceiving  instrument  ,4fbeTng^a  polarized 
relajTor  other~S|ctro  nagnetxof  the 
usua^ox^pXt  is  connected  hy 


wires  m  with  the  secondary  helix  H 
v'hich  •  is 


sorted  hy  a  standard  core 

primary  coil  of  magnet 
so  that, it  will  embrace  theAmagnet 


B.  Two  coils  1  and  X*  are  wound  upon 
coil  of  the 

the* magnet  B  in  opposite  directions, 
helix  X  connecting  with  the  line  and 
with  the  battery  M  B,  while  the  helix 
I»  connects  with  the  battery  MB  and 
through  a  rheostat  R  with  the  earth 
at  E.  These  helices  may  also  be 
wound  in  opposite  directions  in  one 
coil  instead  of  being  separated. 

The  secondary  helix  H  embraces  the 


helix  I,'  the  core  B  of  which  is  sup¬ 
ported  by  standards  a’  as  indicated 
in  Big.  2.  • 

C  is  an  electro  magnet  placed 
between  the  battery  M  B  and  the  magnet 


B  and  connected  by  wire  n  to  contact 
with  b  of  the  operating  armature  lever 


-3- 


SL,  which  is  again  connected  to  the< 
zinc  poles  of~theN^wo  opposirig  batteries 
£ M  B  and^M-B' .  The  Battery  M  B^connects 
OZtk.  Il'pl  with  the  earttNplate  B'^^The  lever  S 
'I  is  operated  in  the  usual  manner 
By  Battery  SB,  key  K  and  magnet  S. 

The  working  of  this  apparatus  for 
double  transmission  is  Based  on  the  . 
principle  of  galvanic  induction  ac¬ 
cording  to  which  By  each  closing 
and  opening  of  a  Battery  momentary 


induced  currents  in  opposite  direc¬ 
ti  oiisare_^oducedlJ_TOi^  therefore 
a  current  from  the  distant  station  / 
passes  over  the  main  line  into 
the\ielix  I  of  core  B  a  v/ave  of  / 
electricity  is  induced  into  the/coil 
P  in  one  direction,  which  causes 
the  relay to  Be  affected/and 

]_ever  ot.  tongue  x,  of^the  relay  A  to 
^  ^  be  throvm  over  to  one/side.  V/hen 
the  Battery  atythe  distant  station 
is  disconnectedY  a'  current  is  set  in 


sondary  coil  opposite  to  the 
L  .Current  generated  By  the 
;  v/hich  current  causes  the 
s  1'  to  resume  i\;s  former  plac< 


-4- 


\^The  relay  A  responds  in  this  man-/ 
ner  to  the  signals  from  the  distant 
station  by  the  opposite  induction'  cur- 
rents\of  helix  H.  / 

On^  transmitting  signals  from  the 
home  station  to  the  distant  station, 
the  current  divides  before  entering 
into  coils'' I  and  I*.  They  being 
wound  in  opposite  direction  on  mag- 
)  influence  upon  it 


net  B  exercise  r 


and  induce  consequently  no  currents 
in  the  secondary \helix  H.  One  part 
*•* of  the  main  current  passes  then  to 

^jle  distant  station,  /he  other  through 
Ctd-.llji,  rheostat  R  to  the  earth.  The  outgoing 


current  exerci3i 


consequently  r 


,  the  current  from 


on  relay  A,  although  the  relay  at  the 
distant  station  Responds  ’^o  the  same. 
When  both  stations  are  transmitting 
at  the  same  thuja,  +>-* 
the  distant  station  produces^  induced 
currents  in  tAe 

in  the  manner  described,  so  thA 
the  relay  a!  responds  to  the-  signals 
of  the  distant  station.  The  outgo\ng 
current  /being  neutralized  in  the  \ 
manner  /described,  operates  the  \ 


lx  H, 


-5- 


relay  at  the  distant  station. 

The  conditions  of  double  trans¬ 
mission  are  therefore  fulfilled,  the 
respective  relays  responding  si¬ 
multaneously  to  the  currents  from 
^  y  <i their  opposite  stations. 

The  object  of  the  electro  magnet 
4^-cU  C  is  to  neutralize  the  injurious  ef- 
auX.n'-j^.  feet  of  the  static  current  upon  the 
induction  coil,  that  would  otherwise 
take  place  owing  to  a, discharge  and 
charge  into  the  iron  core  B  of  such 
static  current  that  is  now^  to  a 
great  extent  absorbed  by  the  magnet 


Having  thus  described  my  inven¬ 
tion,  what  X  desire  to  secure  by  let- 
ters  Patent  is: 


1S»  The  combination  of  the  polarized 
relay  A  and  conductors  m  m  with 
the  induction  coil  H  that  embraces 
the  magnet  B,  the  latter  containing 
the  opposite  coils  I  and  I'  as  and 
for  the  purpose  specified. 


2"  The  secondary  helix  H  in  con¬ 
nection  with  magnet  B  having 
opposite  helices  1  and  I'  to  neutralize 
effect  of  outgoing  current  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


The  electro  magnetic,  arranged 
^etween^and^incpmbination  with 
£  the  bat  tery^MB^  magnet  B,‘  coils  I 
GjJ.,  //’/3.  andj^and  induction  coil.H  as 

arid  for  the  purpose  set  forth"-.^ 

Thomas  A.  Edison 


Munn  &  Co 
Attorneys 


IZ 


J 

U.  S.  Patent  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  June  10",  1873, 


T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examine: 
relative  to  your  app’n  for  patent  for  Duplex 
Telegraph,  filed  April  21"  1873 
Case  P 


Very  respectfully 

Commissioner. 


Examiner* s  Room,  Ho.  98 
In  this  app'n  the  .statement  of  p  2  that  "the 
outgoing  current  is  neutralized  by  helices"  &c",  is 
erroneous.  The  current  is  not  neutralized  else 
it  could  not  perform  its’ work  at  the  distant 
station.  Hi  T effect  however  on  the  secondary 
coil  H  of  either  I  or  X*  is  neutralized  ,  by-the 
one  by  the  other, by  reason  of  x;>  portions  of  the 
current  being  passed  through  I  &  I’  but  in 
opposite  directions.  In  the  conclusion  of  same 
paragraph  injurious  effects  of  static  current.  V/hat 
are  the  injurious  effects, alluded  to? ■  On  p  3  A  is  said  to 
Se  a  "polarized  magnet  or  other  electro  magnet  of  the 
usual  form"  whieh-ferm--  the  forms  mentioned  do  not 
act  income  way  &  if  one  worked  in  this  connexion 
the  other  would  not,  which  form  does  applicant  use? 


A  battery  H,  B-  is  shovm  in  the  drawings  mentioned 
in  specification  ’out  its  relation  and  use  are  nowhere 
set  out  and  apparently  it  is  only  a  useless  addition. 

There  should  he. some  explanation  of  what 
relation  the  various  devices  hear  to  each,  so, 
that  the  current  is  sent  to  distant  station.  As  shown 
in  drawing  (and  there  is  nothing  to  contradict  this  in 
the  description)  when  S  L  is  closed  the  current  of  the 
main  hat,.,M.  B,'  instead  of  going  to  distant  station 
would  he  short  circuited  through  C  $  h  fc 
'  S.  1.  from  one  pole  to  the  other  of  X  B. 

V/ith  satisfactory  amendts  to  the  specification, 

.  .1-1.  .Vs  &  2^  claims  t  with  some 

explaining  these  points,  the  l 

.  .  „„  margin  in  specification)  would 

amendment  as  noted  on  margin  in 

prohahly  he  allowed 

The  3d  claim  however  is  rejected  on  reference 
to  patent  of  J.  B.  Stearns  March  18"  1873  No  136,873 
Z.  F.  Wilher 


Washington  D.  C. 
October  9 **  1873. 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett 
Comm,,  of  Patents 


Sir: 

X  hereby  amend  the  specification 
in  my. •  application  for  Letters  Patent 
for  Duj5l|X  Telegraph  Apparatus,  filed 
April  1873.  canceling  recital 

of  invention  and  inserting: _ _ 

"The  inven¬ 


tion  relates  to  apparatus  for  tlie 

simultaneous  transmission  of  tvfo 

in  opposite  directions,  over 
dispatches  or  signals., and  consists 

A.  in  the  working  of  the  receiving  in- 
Cb,l.H  "J  \  strument  by  induction  currents 

generated  in  a  secondary  helix  by 
the  incoming  current,  while  the 
effect  of  the  current  on  said 
secondary  helix  is  neutralized  by 
helices  which  are  wound  in  op- 


the  same  wire 


posite  directions  on  the  same 
said 

core  that  is  embraced  by  ,  -the- 


secondary  helix,  so  that  the  re¬ 
ceiving  instrument  will  respond 
to  the  signals  of  the  distant  station 
without  responding  to  the  signals 


of  the  home  station" 


lines  4  5 

Also  hy.i canceling  on  1  page  3,  of  sub¬ 
stitute  specification,  "being  a  polarized 
or  other  electro  magnet 
relay  i  of  the  usual  form",  and  in- 

scrting^-or  relay ~formed  of  electro  ' 

I2> .  magnets  and  a  pivotal  sounder 
jjij2  lever  I,  arranged  between  them  in 
a  well  known  manner. 


lines  3&  3 ,  &  4 

Also  by  canceling  on  7  page  4,  the 
words  ,  zinc  .poles  of  the  two  op¬ 
posing  batteries  M  B  and  M  B* . .  The 
battery  M  B*  connects  with  the  earth- 
plate  E’  ,  and  inserting; 

-to  the 

&  positive  poles  of  the  main  battery 
CeJ.,  //'  73  M  B  and  supplemental  battery  SB,' 
which  have  their  polarities  opposite 
as  indicated  by  the  usual  . signs  *  and= 


Also  by  canceling  remainder  of  body 

of  specification  after  and  inclusive 

middle  of  page  4 

of  the  words-"When  therefore".,  and 
inserting: _ 

■  ,  -When  a  current  from 

C&ci-.  Il'-J  3  the  distant  station  passes  over 


-2- 


tlie  main  line  wire,  it  primarily  af- 


/ 


<tu*~u'7Z 


) 


fects  the  helix  I,  and,  owing  to 
coil 

the  resitance,  4  cr  rheostat  R,  the 
main  portion  of  it  goes  to  earth, 
at  E' ,  through  C,  SB  and  M  B  the 
batteries,  in  view  of  their  polarities 
being  opposite,  acting  as  it  Were 
conductors.  The  effect  of  this  primary 
current  in  helix  I  is  to  cause  a 
secondary  or  induced  current  in 
the  surrounding  helix  H,  and  the 
latter,  being  connected  with  the  relay 
magnets,  the  lever  L  gives  the  re¬ 
quired  signal. 

V/hen  the  distant- station  battery 
is  disconnected,  the  lever  L  v/ill  re¬ 
sume  its  former  position,  since  a 
current  is  then  set  up  in  the 
helix  H  opposite  to  the  induced 
current  generated  by  the  closing  of 
said  battery. 

To  transmit  signals  to  the 
distant  station,  the  key  K  is 
operated  to  complete  the  local 
circuit  through  magnet  S  and 
thereby  cause  it  to  attract  the 
sending  lever  S  1,  and  also  form 


-3- 


/ 


'/73- 


connection  at  contact  stop  b.  The 
effect  of  this  is  to  throw  the  battery 
S  B  into  a  shunt  circuit  with 
magnet  C  and  lever  S  L,  leaving  the 
main  battery  M  B  to  send  a  cur-  • 
rent  through  lever  SL,  stop  b,  and 
magnet  B  to  distant  station- 
lt  being  clear  that  the  rheostat 
j  R,  whose  resistance  is  intended 
I  to  be  at  least  practically  equivalent 
to  that  of  the  line,  will  receive 
but  part,  say  one  half,  of  the 
strength  of  the  current,  while 
the  helices  X  I'  being  wound 
in  opposite  directions  neutralize 
each  other  and  produce  no  ef- 
i  feet  on  the  secondary  helix  H  and 

I 

hence  none  on  the  relay  A. 

|  Thus  the  closing  of  the  local  cir- 

cuit  will  cause  a -signal  to  be 
j  .sent  to  distant  station  with  at- 
least  one  half  the  strength  of  , 
the  main  battery  current  which  . 
divides  at  x. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  function 
of  the  supplemental  battery  S  B  is 
to  neutralize  the  effect  of  the 


j 


main  battery  when  the  lever  81  ie 
open  so  as  not  to  allow  the  same 
tq  send  a  current  along  the  line 
through  C,  X,  and  I  .I>.  But  when 
the  power  of  the  main  battery  is 
required  the  supplement al  battery 
is  necessarily  shunted  as  above 
described. 

lP7i>  Tiie  object  iof  the  electro  magnet  C 

is  to  neutralize  the  retardative  ef¬ 
fect  of  the  static  current  of  the  line 
upon  the  induction  coil,  giving  as 
it  does  in  becoming  demagnetized 

(when  the  battery  is  disconnected 
and  the  line  put  to  earth,  a  return 
current  cf  approximately  the  same 
strength  as  the  return  current  of 
the  line.-  _  • 

Also  by  canceling  3^  claim. 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

Munn  &  Co 
Attorneys. 


Siri 


New  York  October  15  1873 

I  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  W.  Serrell,  New  York,  my  agent  and 
Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a  patent  on 
Duplex  Telegraphs,  revoking  all  previous  authority  and 
authorize  him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever  may  be  necessary 
in  the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  I  could  do  if 
personally  present, and  to  receive  the  Patent  when  granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 


Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Thomas  A  Edison 


OEEICE  POR  PATENTS, 

119  &  121  NASSAU  STREET,  NEW  YORK 
th  ’ 

Octo.  15  1873 


C"'"”P0,,d'“c  »»  «>i»  «*=«,  and  alee  the  Patent,  .hen 
rented,  yen  .ill  pie...  .ddr.e,  ,e  „  o.re.  oblige  by 
the  drawing 


Hon. 


Deggett 


Respectfully  Yours, 

LEMUEL  V/.  SERRELL. 


Commissioner  of  Patent) 


) 


Now  York,  Jan.  21  st  1875 

To  Hon. 

Commissioner  of  Patents # 

Sir: 

In  the  matter  of  my  application  for  a  patent 
on  Duplex  Telegraph,  case  E  filed  April  21,  1873,  I  hereby 
abandon  so  much  as  there  is- in  common  to  the  present  and  to 
my  application  N?  94.  for  a  patent  on  Duplex  Telegraph 
filed  Sep.  1,  1874,  and  request  that  the  latter  may  be 
considered  as  talcing  the  place  of  the  former  application 
to  the  extent  named. 

Respectfully  yours 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
per  D.  VI.  Serrell 


Atty. 


2 

3' 

4 

5 

6 
7 


U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 
APPLICATION  OF; 

T.  A.  Edison, 

Ap;  21,  1873. 

. 0 - 

CONTENTS  OF  THIS  FILE. 
Application 
Office  Letter  May  2/73 

office  Letter  June  10/73 

j^oLU  A.Z-l.  am  "?3- 

Atty's  Letter  Jan.  22  '75 


9 

10 
11 
12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 


! 


PETITION. 


To  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

The  Petition  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  of  Newark  in  the  County 
of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey 
RESPECTFULLY  REPRESENTS— 

That  your  petitioner  has  invented  a  new  and  Improved  hup lex 
Telegraph  Apparatus  which  he  verily  believes  has  not  been  known 
or  used  prior  to  the  invention  thereof  by  your  petitioner.  He 
therefore  prays  that  LETTERS  PATENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OP 
AMERICA  may  be  granted  to  him  therefor,  vesting  in  him  and  his 
legal  representative^he  exclusive  right  to  the  same,  upon  the 
terms  and  conditions  expressed  in  the  Act  of  Congress  in  that 
case  made  and  provided;  he  having  paid  Fifteen  Dollars  into  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  otherwise  complied  with  the 
requirements  of  said  Act.  And  he  hereby  authorizes  O.D.MUNN 
and  A. F>. BEACH,  of  the  firm  of  MUNU  &  Cflf,  of  the  Cities  of 
New  York  and  V/ashington ,  or  their  accredited  Agents,  to  act 
as  his  Attorneys  in  presenting  the  application,  and  in  making 
all  such,  alterations  and  amendments  as  may  be  required,  and 
to. sign  his  name  to  the  drawings . 


Thomas  A  Edison 


OATH. 


City  &  County  of  Hew  York  ) 

)  ss • 

State  of  Hew  York  ) 

On  this  Sixteenth  day  of  April  1893,  before  the 
subscriber,  A  Hotary  Public  iri  and  for  said  County,  personally 
appeared  the  above-named  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  made  solemn 
OATH  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and 
first  inventor  of  the  within  described  Improved  Duplex 
Telegraph  Apparatus,  and  that  he  does  not  know  or  believe 
that  the  same  was  ever  before  known  or  used;  and  that  he  is 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States . 


(notarial  Seal.) 


T.  3.  Mosher 

Hotary  Public 


Case  G 


Specification  describing 
a  n ev/  and  Improved 

bup lex  Telegraph  Apparatus 
invented  by  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of 
Newark,  in  the  County  of  Essex, 
and  State  of  Hew  Jersey. 

This  invention 

relates  to  apparatus  for  simultane¬ 
ous  transmission  of  dispatches  or 
signals  over  the  same  line 
wire  in  opposite  directions  and 
consists  in  encircling  the  arma¬ 
ture  of  the  receiving  instru¬ 
ment  by  a  double  coil  and 
sending  an  equal  current  in 
opposite  direction  to  the  outgoing 
current  through  the  same,  so 
that  the  effect  of  this  current 
is  rendered  nugatory  on  the 
receiving  instrument.  It  con¬ 
sists  further  in  placing  an 
electro -magnet  in  the  circuit  of 
the  main  battery,  for  generating 
induction  currents,  and  neutraliz¬ 
ing  the  effect  of  the  Btatic 
current  on  the  receiving  instru- 


ment.  By  spring  connection 
of  the  sounder  lever,  the 
main  Battery  is  inserted  on 
closing,  and  the  continuity  of 
the  circuit  preserved,  on  open¬ 
ing  the  same. 

In  the  accompanying  draw¬ 
ing  .  — 

Figure  1,  represents 
a  plan  view  of  my  apparatus 
for  double  transmission,  and  — 

Figure  2,  a  detail 
side  elevation  of  the  receiving  in¬ 
strument  with  the  double  helix, 
encircling  its  armature. 

Similar  letters  of 

reference  indicate  corresponding  parts 

A,  in  the  draw¬ 
ing  is  the  receiving  relay, 

I  its  armature  lever.  B  the 
double  helix  encircling  horizontally 
the  armature  above  and  below 
the  lever  1  and  between  the 
extended  cores  a,  of  the 
relay  A.  A  vertical  stand- 


ard  b,  supports  the  helix  B. 

The  current  of  the  main  bat¬ 
tery  is  divided,  passing  equally 
but  in  opposite  directions  through 
lay,  A  and  helix  B.  A  re¬ 
gulating  rheostat  R  connects  the 
helix  B  to  the  earth  at  3! . 

A  third  circuit  branches  off 
by  wire  m,  from  the  main 
current  and  passes  through 
the  coils  of  the  magnets  C  and 
C '  to  the  earth.  M,B,  is 
the  -  main  battery  connecting 
with  both  poles  to  a  wedge 
shaped  double  contact  d,  je,  of 
sounder  lever  S,  L.  Contacts  d, 
and  £,  are  insulated  from  each 
other,  but  act,  on  closing  the 
sounder  lever  to  its  magnet  S, 
respectively  on  two  spring  con¬ 
tacts  f,  £,  also  of  wedge 
shape ,  which  are  supported 
by  standard  h, .  When  the 
sounder  lever  S,  1  is  open, 
the  edge 8  of  spring  contacts 
f,  g,  touch  each  other,  and 
being  connected  to  the  earth  at 
E',  preserve  the  continuity  of 


-3- 


the  circuit.  The  wedge  con¬ 
tacts  d,  e,  hy  separating  con¬ 
tacts  f,  £,  insert  thereby  main 
battery  H,  B,  into  the  circuits. 

Wire  m*  conducts  the  current 
of  the  main  battery  from 
spring  contact  f,  to  the  relay 
A,  helix  B  and  magnets  C,  C', 
on  the  closing  of  sounder  lever 
S,  L.  The  latter  is  operated 
in  the  usual  manner  by 
sounder  battery  S,  B,  key  R 
and  magnet  S. 

When  the  distant 
station  is  sending,  the  armature 
of  the  receiving  relay  A,  responds 
to  the  signals,  the  current 
passing  over  wire  m1 ,  and 
spring  contacts  f,  £,  to  the 
earth.  When  however  the 
home  station  is  transmitting 
the  sounder  lever  S,  L,  se¬ 
parates  by  its  wedge  contacts 
d,  £,  the  spring  contacts  £, 

£,  throwing  thereby  the  main 
battery  M,  B,  into  the  cir¬ 
cuit.  The  current  passes 
equally  through  the  relay  A  to 


-4- 


the  line,  and  through  helix  B, 
in  opposite  direction  to  the  earth, 
preventing  the  action  of  the 
armature,  hy  balancing  the  mag¬ 
netic  current  of  relay  A. 

The  relay  at  the  distant  sta¬ 
tion  responds  therefore  to  the 
signals  of  the  home  station, 
the  effect  of  the  outgoing  cur¬ 
rent  on  the  relay  of  home 
station  being  neutralized.  By 
placing  the  coil  B  in  this 
manner  around  the  armature 
the  generation  of  induction  cur¬ 
rents  may  be  prevented  in 
the  relay  itself ,  when  one  helix 
is  enclosed  within  the  other. 

When  both  stations 
are  transmitting  at  the  same 
time,  relay  A  responds  to  the 
signals  of  the  distant  station, 
as  the  outgoing  current  is 
neutralized- in  the  manner 
described.  The  relay  of 
the  distant  station  responds  to 
the  signals  of  the  home  station, 
transmitting  the  dispatches  simul¬ 
taneously  over  the  line. 


-5- 


The  magnets  C,  C',  form  a 
third  circuit  of  the  main 
battery  M,  B,  and  generate  by 
their  charged  and  discharge  in¬ 
duction  currents  equal  to  the 
static  currents  of  the  line. 

These  induction  currents  act 
on  the  double  helix  B  in  op¬ 
posite  directions  as  the  static 
currents  on  the  relay  A,  and 
neutralize  therefore  their  effect  on 
the  same.  The  regularity 
of  the  working  of  the  relay 
and  helix  are  thereby  secured 
and  confusion  of  signals  effective¬ 
ly  prevented. 


Having  thus  described 
my  invention. 

What  I  claim  as 
new  and  desire  to  secure  by 
letters  Patent,  is  — 


First .  The  armature 


of  the  receiving  instrument  A  en¬ 
circled  by  double  helix  B,  placed 
between  the  extended  cores  a,  of 
the  relay  A,  substantially  as  set 
forth . 

Second.-  The  sounder 
lever  S,  I,  having  insulated  wedge 
contacts  d,  e_,  in  combination  with 
spring  contacts  e,  f,  to  insert 
main  battery  and  preserve  con¬ 
tinuity  of  circuit,  substantially  as 
described. 

Third.  The  induction 
coil  or  magnets  placed  v/ithin,  a 
compensating  circuit,  for  neutralizing 
the  effect  of  the  static  cur¬ 
rent,  substantially  as 
shown  and  described,  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Thomas  A  Edison 

Witnesses 

Paul  tioepel. 

Alex  P .  Robert  s 


U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  1).  C.,  May  3d,  1873. 

T  .  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co. 

Present 

Please  find  helow  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  Duplex  Telegraph, 
Case  0,  filed  April  21"  1873 

Very  respectfully, 


Commissioner . 
Examiner 's  Boom, No .98 

This  app’n  has  been  examined  and  a  patent  refused  for 
the  following  reasons. 

Imprimis,  the  misnomers  alluded  to  in  the  previous 
cases  occur  in  this. 

Appt.  does  not  state  how  this  device  acts  as  a  duplex 
when  both  stations  terminal  stations  are  transmitting  i.e. 
the  path  and  effect  of  the  current  from 'the  distant  station. . 

The  2d  claim  is  substantially  anticipated  in  patent  of 
March 

J.  B.  Stearns  April  18"  1873  (136,875)  and  the  3d  in  StearnB 
patent  136,873  of  same  date.  Appts  attention' is  also  called 

to  the  fact  that  substantially  this  device  is  shown  &  claimed 
liis 

by  him  in  several  of  the. other  applications  of  this  same  seriei 


Z.  T.  Wilber 


Washington  D .  0. 

May  23d  1873. 

Hon  K.  1).  Leggett 

Conan*-  o’f  Patents 

Sir: 

X  hereby  amend  the  specification  in 
my  application  for  letters  Patent  for 
Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus,  (case  0) 
filed  April  2ist  1873,  by  erasing  all  of 
specification  except  signatures  and 
substituting: 

"To  all  whom  it  may  concern:  . 

Be  it  known 

that  I,  Thomas  A.  Edison,  of  Newark, 
in  the  County  of  Essex,  and  State 
of  New  Jersey,  have  invented  a  new 
and  Improved  Duplex  Telegraph  Ap¬ 
paratus;  and  I  do  hereby  declare  that 
the  following  is  a  full,  clear,  and 
exact  description  of  the  sam?,  reference 
being  had  to  the  accompanying  draw¬ 
ing,  forming  a  part  of  this  specifica¬ 
tion. 


This  invention  relates  to  ap- 


paratus  for  simultaneous  transmission 
of  di  spat  dies  or  signals  over  the 
same  line  wire  in  opposite  direc¬ 
tion,  and  consists  in  placing  the 
armature  lever  of  the  receiving  in¬ 
strument  between  two  coils  which 
are  in  connection  with  the  main  ■ 
battery  of  the  home  station  so  that 
they  will  neutralize  the  effect  of  an 
outgoing  current  on  such  armature 
lever »  It  consists  further  injplacing 
an  electro  magnet  in  the  circuit 
of  'f;he  main  battery  for  generating 
by  the  charge  and  discharge  of  such 
magnet  'induction  currents  in  the 
lever  coils  that  will  oppose  in 
direction  andtherefore  neutralize 
-4- the  static  current  and  its  effect 
^  7-3  upon  the  receiving  magnet. 

By  spring  and  wedge  contacts  of 
the  armature  lever  of  the  sending 
magnet  the  main  battery  is 
inserted,  or  closing  and\the 
continuity  of  the  circuit\reserved 
oh  opening  the  same .  \ 


In  the  drawing 


Figure  1  represents  a  plan  view  of 
ay  apparatus  for  double  trans¬ 
mission,  and 

Figure  2  a  detail  side  elevation 
of  the  receiving  instrument  showing 
the  armature  lever  between  the 
double  helix  that  encircles  the 
armature . 

A  in  the  drawing  -is  the  receiving 
electro  magnet,  I#  its  armature 
lever,  B  a  double  helix  encircling 
the  armature  above  and  below 
the  lever  L  and  placed  between  the 
extended  cores  a  of  the  electro 
magnet  A.  A  vertical  standard 
b  supports  the  helix  B.  The  cur¬ 
rent  of  the  main  battery  M  B  is  di¬ 
vided,  so  that  part  of  it  will  pass 
equally  the  electro -magnet  A  and 
the  other  part  through  the  helix 
B.  A  regulating  rheostat  B  con¬ 
nects  the  helix  to  the  earth  at 
E.  A  third  circuit  branches  off 
by  wire  m  from  the  current  of 
the  main  home  battery  and  passes 


-3- 


through  the  coils  of  magnets  C  and 
poles  of  the 

C  to  the  earth  K .  The.,  main 
battery  M  B  *a  connected  with  both 
its  poles  to  a  wedge-shaped  double 
contacts  d  and  e_  of  the  armature 
lever  S  L  of  the  sending  magnet . 

The  contacts  (i  and  £  are  in¬ 
sulated  from  each  other  but  act 
on  closing  the  lever  S  L  to  its 
magnet  S,  respectively  on  two  spying 
contacts  f  and  £  that  are  also 
wedge  shaped  and  supported  by 
a  standard  h.  When  the  lever  S  L  is 
open,  the  spring  contacts  f  £  touch 
each  other ,  and  beingjsonnected 
to  the  earth  at  R '  preserve  the 
continuity  of  the  incoming  cir¬ 
cuit.  The  wedge  contacts  d  e 
will,  when  S  L  is  attracted  to  S, 
separatecontacts  f  £  and  insert 
the  main  battery  M  3  into  the 
circuit . 

The  wire  m'  then  conducts  the 
current  of  the  main  battery  from 
spring  contact  t_  to  the  electro  mag¬ 
net  A,  helix  B  and  magnets  C  C1. 

The  lever  S  I  is  operated  in 


-4- 


the  usual  manner  by  a  battery  S  B, 
key  K  and  magnet  5. 

When  the  distant  station  is 
sending  the  afnature  L  of  the 
receiving  electro -magnet  A  res¬ 
ponds  to  the  signals,  the  cur¬ 
rent  passing  then  over  the  wire 
m'  and  spring  contact  f,  £  to  the 
earth  B'.*  When  however,  the  home 
station  is  transmitting  the  lever 
S  L  separates  by  its  wedge  con¬ 
tacts  d  e_  the  spring  contacts  f 
throwingthereby  the  main  bat¬ 
tery  K  B  into  the  circuit.  The  cur¬ 
rent  passes  then  in  part  through 
the  electro-magnet  A  to  the  line, 
‘SvwvV-'fK-*.  in  part  through  the  helix  B,  to  the 
,^.cCl~  B,  earth, exercising  in  B  an  opposite 
fflcA-.//'/3  effect  to  what  it  does  on  A,  which 

will  prevent  the  action  of  the  armature, 
by  balancing  the  magnetic  current  in  A. 
The  relay  at  the  distant  station  res¬ 
ponds  however  to  the  signals  of  the 
home  station,  the  effect  of  the  outgoing 
current  on  the  armature  lever  of  the 
home  station  being  only  neutralized. 

By  placing  the  coil  B  in  this  manner 


-5- 


around  the  armature,  the  generation 
of  induction  currents  may  he  prevented 
in  the  relay  itself,  when  one  helix 
of  the  same  is  enclosed  within  the 

When  hoth  stations  are  transmitting 
at  the  same  time,  the  lever  1  of  each 
station  responds  to  the  signals  of -the 
distant  station,  as  the  two  main 
batteries  by  being  thrown  into  joint 
action,  duplicate  the  power  of  the 
line  current  and  increase  in'  pro¬ 
portionate  degree  that  of  the  opposing 
influence  of  the  helices  B. 

"Through  the  magnets  C  C  '  a  third  por- 
tion  of  the  outgoing  current  of  the 
main  battery  is  passed  to  the  earth 
/iLv-cU-  ■&  and  by  their  charge  and  d  ischarge 
G2sf.//'/3  an  induction  current  is  generated 

equal  in  power  but  opposite  in  direc¬ 
tion  to  the  static  current  of  the  line. 
These  induction  currents  act  on 
the  double  helix  B  in  opposite  direc¬ 
tion  to  the  static  currents,  and 
neutralize  therefore  their  effect  on 
the  magnet  A.  The  regularity  of 
the  working  of  the  magnet  A  and 


helix  B  are  thereby  secured  and  con¬ 
fusion  of  signals  is  effectively  pre¬ 
vented. 


Having  thus  described  ray  invention, 
what  I  claim  as  new  and  desire  to 
secure  by  letters  Patent  is: 

1st  The  armature  of  the  receiving  in 
strument  A,  encircled  by  double  helix 
B,  which. is  placed  between  the  ex¬ 
tended  cores  a  of  the  electro-mag¬ 
net  A,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


2d  The  lever  S  1  having  insulated 
wedge,  contacts  d  that  connect 
respectively  with  the  poles  of  the 
main  battery,  and  combined  with 
the  self  closing  spring  contacts  e_  £, 
that  connect  respectively  with 
the  line  and  ground,  sub- 


and  ^ne  wire,  all  of  which 
t^uj-juuu  parts  receive  part  of-  the  outgoing 
?>.  current  for  the  purpose  described. 

CCck  /''p . . . n . 

'  Thomas  A.  Edison 

per  Munn  A:  Co 


Attorneys 


12th  June  U.  S.  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  1).  C.,  June  10",  1873. 

T.  A.  Edison 

Care  Munn  &  Co 
Present 

Please  find  below  a  Communication  from  the  Examiner 
relative  to  your  app'n  for  patent  for  duplex  Telegraph  filed, 
April  21"  1873  Case  G  72/67 

Very  respectfully, 

Commissioner . 


Examiner's  Room,  No. 98 


As  shown  in  the  drawings  upon  the  main  battery  M.  B. 
being  thrown  in  by  key  B.L,  a  short  circuit  of  such  battery 
would  apparently  be  established  say  by  d.f.m  m',  C,C', 

13 ,35 »  g  &  e.  If  -  e»eh  ~a -r  e  la*  ten  -exists  whereby  al^th^cur- 

rent  would  be  shunted  around  A  &  B.  If  such  a  relation.between 
the  different  parts  as  to  prevent  this,  it  should  be  set  forth 
and  explained  otherwise  the  apparatus  is  inoperative  as  a 


duplex  instrument . 

As  to  the  claims  the  2<i  &  3d  as  amended  are  substantially 
the  same  as  the  original  2d  &  s  &  are  again  rejected  on  refer¬ 
ences  previously  cited. 

The  novelty^oonsists  in  a  peculiar  form  of  differential 
relay,  covered  by  1"  claim.  In  other  respects  the  system. shown 
is  the  ordinary  duplex.  As 

APPep-ppoper  That  claim  will  probably  interfere  with 
other  pending  applications.  ^  ^  y/ilber 


•Case  G 


Washington,  D.  C* 

.  October  9th  1873. 


Hon  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commr  of  Patents 


Sir: 

X  hereby  amend  the  specification 
in  my  application  for  Letters  Patent 
for  Duplex  Telegraph  Apparatus,  filed 
April  21st  1873 ,  by  canceling  remainder 
of  recital  of  invention  after  and 
inclusive  of  -placing  an  electro 
magnet", and  inserting: 

the  ar¬ 


rangement  of  spring  and  wedge 
contact^ith  such  coils,  the  relay, 
and  a  Rheostat,  and  with  the 
sending  battery,  and  connecting  wires 
„*°s  to  throw  said  battery  into 

Jj^UrA.  alld  °Ut  °f  0ir°Uit’  ^  effSCt 

QJ-'II'P'  the  transmission  of  a  signal 

on  the  line  without  giving  a  signal 
at  the  home  station. 


Also  by  inserting  Sallowing  after 


the  words  "in  part  through  the 

the  words _ — „ 

f^JL t-fl  helix  B;/^nd_coiircXl  Xi 


lcl  /1'Jl  Page  5- 


Also  by  canceling  on  page  6  words 
••’between  and  inclusive  of  "Through" 
line  15,  and  "generated,"  line  21,  and 
inserting: 

The  rheostat  P. '  prevents 
too  large  a  share  of  the  current 
passing  to  earth  when  the  main 

also 

battery  is  thrown;  into  circuit,  and 
.  , ,  the  short-circuiting  which  would 

(Qti-J/'/i  otherwise  take  place  through  the 

Coearth  plates  or  -contacts  E  E'  main 
battery  M,B,  spring  and  wedge  con¬ 
tacts  and  coils  0  C. 

The  charge  arri  discharge  of  the 
coils  C  C'  when  a  portion  of  the 
outgoing  current  is  passed  through 
them,  generates  an  induction  cur¬ 
rent  . 

Also  by  canceling  2d  and  3d  claims 
and  inserting: 

"2d  The  spring  and  wedge  con- 
^.woU.2). tacts  f  £  and  d  £,  pivoted  sending 
Ce.c.\-./l‘] 3  lever  S  L,  battery  M  B,  helices  B,  sounder 
lever  L,  magnet  A,  and  con- 


-2- 


£ju U 
(tel.  U']^' 


necting  wires  all  arranged  as 
shown  and  described  to  operate 
as  specified. " 

ThomaB  A.  Edison 

per  Munn  &  Co 


Attorneys. 


New  York  Octo.  15th  1873 


Sir: 

I  hereby  appoint  Lemuel  V\  Serrell,  New  York,  my  agent 
and  Attorney,  in  relation  to  my  application  for  a  patent  on 
Duplex  Telegraphs,  revoking  all  previoudpjthor ity  and  authorize 
him,  or  his  substitute,  to  do  whatever  may  be  necessary  in 
the  premises,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  I  could  do  if  personally 
present,  and  to  receive  the  Patent  when  granted. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

Tlios  A  Edison 

Hon.  M.  D.  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


OFFICE  FOR  PATENTS, 

119  &  121  NASSAU  STREET, NEW  YORK, 
Octo.  15th  1873 

•  The  correspondence  on  this  case,  and  also  the  Patent, 
when  granted,  you  w ill  please  address  to  my  care.  Oblige, 
by  returning  the  drawing 

Respectfully  Yours, 

LEMUEL  V.'.  SERRELL. 

Hon.  1,T.  D.  Leggett 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


"Case  A." 


Copied  page  421 


EXAMINER ' S  ROOM  NO. 9 8 


II. S. Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.C.,  Octo  18",  1873. 

1.  W.  Serrell  Esq 

119  &  121  Nassau  St 
•  N.  Y. 'city 

In  the  matter  of  your  request  for  return  of  dwg's 
in  Edisons  Appns  for  Duplex  Telhe  I  am  instructed  hy  the 
Comm'r  to  say  that  while  resident  attorneys  are  allowed  to 
withdraw  dwgs  he  cannot  consent  to  their  withdrawal  when 
they  are  to  he  sent  to  distant  points. 

The  AiftPieult-y  danger  of  mutilation  and  of  loss, 
and  the  trouble  and  expense  incident  to  their  carriage  hy 
mail  or  express  hack  and  forth,  are  the  reasons  therefor. 
Very  Resp  & c 

2.  T.  Wilher 
Exr 


U:  S.  PATENT  OPPICE. 


APPLICATION  OP 
T .  A.  Edison. 

Piled  Apl.  21,  1873. 

CONTENTS  OP  THIS  PILE . 

1  Application 

2  Office  Letter  May  3/73 

4  Office  Letter  June  10/73 

5  /l ■J} .  £*  “2  C£,<J-  ■  //  y  3 

6 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 


Present-. 


Lemuel  V/.  Serreil 

New  York  City 


1873. 

Re;jd  May  3  1873 


June  10"  " " 


Patent  Application  Drawings 


This  set  of  drawings  covers  the  years  1876-1878  and  is  organized 
according  to  case  number.  Most  of  the  drawings  are  in  the  form  of 
tracings,  and  the  series  is  not  complete.  Those  drawings  for  which  there  is 
no  issued  patent,  or  which  contain  additional  information  not  found  in  the 
printed  patent,  have  been  selected  for  microfilming.  They  relate  to  the 
telegraph  (cases  121,  142,  145,  and  148),  the  aerophone  (case  153),  the 
phonograph  (cases  154  and  155),  and  the  telephone  (case  159). 


e  drawings:  1-120,  122-124,  126-127,  129,  131,  134,  137, 


cyff/Yy"  < 

\co 


sZYusYl  @y<S^<y  &rr7siT^e2&r^  uSt^jL' 
/teYa^.  <o^a.j^u2Ya  ~7?  &  YL-  , 

s&e.ajZ>  &Yl^ouYY  a^LCunj^  ~~?y  ■  _ 
stAY  /Y  <nri£riC  cZ^y&Y 

/^^cYYYY  /&yy*-rv 


yh.  /r-3 


CAVEATS 


Until  1910  the  Patent  Office  permitted  an  inventor  to  file  an 
official  notice,  or  caveat,  that  he  was  working  on  a  particular  invention. 
If  another  individual  subsequently  filed  a  patent  application  for  a  similar 
invention,  the  first  inventor  was  so  notified.  He  was  then  given  the 
opportunity  to  file  his  own  patent  application,  which  would  be  put  in 
interference  with  the  earlier  application  to  establish  priority.  A  caveat 
was  valid  for  one  year  and  could  be  renewed  from  year  to  year  upon 
payment  of  a  fee  ($10  in  1875). 

There  are  few  caveat  materials  at  the  Edison  National  Historic  Site 
for  the  1870s.  In  addition  to  the  documents  filmed  in  this  series,  there 
are  also  copies  of  caveats  in  the  Document  File  and  in  other  series  on  the 
microfilm. 


List  of  Caveats  Filed  for  Improvements  in  Telegraphy 


This  document  provides  a  chronological  listing  of  telegraph-related 
caveats  filed  by  Edison  between  3uly  1,  1870  and  March  23,  1875.  The 
caveat  numbers  included  on  the  list  were  assigned  by  the  Patent  Office  at 
the  time  the  caveats  were  received,  and  the  numerical  sequence  began 
anew  at  the  start  of  each  year.  This  list  of  caveats  appears  in  a  volume  of 
Patent  Office  proceedings  and  related  material  that  was  given  to  Edison 
by  attorney  Everett  P.  Wheeler.  (See  Volume  72,  Quadruples  Case. 
Litigation  Series.) 


Caveats,  Tissue  Copy  Book,  Cat.  30,103 


This  copy  book  contains  three  caveats  relating  to  multiple 
telegraphy.  They  are  signed  by  Edison  and  are  in  his  hand.  The  first  is 
dated  January  16,  1874;  the  second  is  for  January  20,  1876;  and  the  third 
is  undated.  The  ink  on  many  of  the  pages  is  very  faint.  Pages  112-118 
contain  faint  copies  of  cash  accounts  for  March  1875  and  January  1876. 

This  book  was  also  used  for  tests  of  Edison's  duplicating  ink.  These 
begin  on  page  133  and  continue,  in  lessening  degrees  of  legibility  .until 
page  155,  with  additional  tests  on  pages  400,  407,  and  487-501.  The 
remaining  pages  are  either  blank  or  stained  with  ink.  Many  pages  have 


The  book  contains  501  numbered  pages,  preceded  by  a  nine-page 
index  with  no  entries. 

Pages  filmed:  1-90,  133,  139,  400,  407,  499. 


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Caveats,  Unbound  Notebook,  Cat.  30,104 


This  set  of  fifty-six  unbound  and  numbered  pages  contains  two 
caveats  copied  from  Edison's  original  manuscript  by  Charles  Batchelor. 
The  first,  dated  Danuary  26,  1874,  is  for  the  duplex  telegraph.  The 
second,  dated  February  1,  1874,  is  for  the  Roman  letter  chemical 
telegraph.  On  page  53  is  a  description  in  Batchelor's  hand  of  an 
experiment  with  an  automatic  repeater.  The  entry  on  page  55  is  in 
Edison's  hand  and  contains  a  description  of  a  chemical  experiment. 

Blank  pages  not  filmed:  39,  and  all  even-numbered  pages. 

Missing  pages:  1-6. 


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Caveat  Drawings 


This  set  of  drawings  covers  the  years  1876-1878  and  is  organized 
according  to  caveat  number.  The  drawings  relate  to  the  telegraph 
(caveats  74  and  75)  and  the  phonograph  (caveats  77  and  80).  The  numbers 
77  and  80  were  later  assigned  to  other  caveats  which  are  known  to  have 
been  filed  at  the  U.S.  Patent  Office.  The  later  version  of  Caveat  80  can 
be  found  in  D-78-028  (Patents)  in  the  Document  File. 


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A  NOTE  ON  THE  SOURCES 


The  pages  which  were  microfilmed  for  this  collection 
are  in  generally  good  condition  in  the  original.  There 
are  some  pages,  however,  which  due  to  age  do  not 
reproduce  satisfactorily.  We  have  made  every 
technical  effort  to  ensure  complete  legibility  of  each 
and  every  page. 


PUBLICATION  AND  MICROFILM 
COPYING  RESTRICTIONS 

Reel  duplication  of  the  whole  or  of 
any  part  of  this  film  is  prohibited. 
In  lieu  of  transcripts,  however, 
enlarged  photocopies  of  selected 
items  contained  on  these  reels 
may  be  made  in  order  to  facilitate 
research. 


FINANCIAL  CONTRIBUTORS 


PRIVATE  FOUNDATIONS 

Alfred  P.  Sloan  Foundation 
Charles  Edison  Fund 
The  Hyde  and  Watson  Foundation 
Geraldine  R.  Dodge  Foundation 


PUBLIC  FOUNDATIONS 

National  Science  Foundation 
National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities 


PRIVATE  CORPORATIONS  AND  INDIVIDUALS 


Alabama  Power  Company 
Amerada  Hess  Corporation 
AT&T 

Association  of  Edison  Illuminating  Companies 

Battelle  Memorial  Institute  Foundation 

The  Boston  Edison  Foundation 

Cabot  Corporation  Foundation 

Carolina  Power  and  Light  Company 

Consumers  Power  Company 

Coming  Glass  Works  Foundation 

Duke  Power  Company 

Edison  Electric  Institute 

Exxon  Corporation 

General  Electric  Foundation 

Gould  Inc.  Foundation 

Gulf  States  Utilities  Company 

The  Institute  of  Electrical  &  Electronics  Engineers 

International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers 

Iowa  Power  and  Light  Company 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  H.  Katz 


Matsushita  Electric  Industrial  Co.,  Ltd. 
McGrawEdison  Company 
Middle  South  Services,  Inc. 

Minnesota  Power 

New  Jersey  Bell  Telephone  Company 
New  York  State  Electric  &  Gas 
Corporation 

North  American  Philips  Corporation 
Philadelphia  Electric  Company 
Philips  International  B.V. 

Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 

RCA  Corporation 

Robert  Bosch  GmbH 

Savannah  Electric  and  Power  Company 

Schering  Plough  Foundation 

Texas  Utilities  Company 

Thomson-Brandt 

Transamerica  Delaval  Inc. 

Westinghouse  Educational  Foundation 
Wisconsin  Public  Service  Corporation 


BOARD  OF  SPONSORS 


Rutgers,  The  State  University  of 
New  Jersey 

Edward  J.  Bloustein 
T.  Alexander  Pond 
Tilden  G.  Edelstein 
Richard  P.  McCormick 
James  Kirby  Martin 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Bernard  Bush 
Howard  Green 


National  Park  Service,  Edison 
National  Historic  Site 
Roy  W.  Weaver 
Edward  J.  Pershey 
William  Binnewies 
Lynn  Wightman 
Elizabeth  Albro 
Smithsonian  institution 
Brooke  Hindle 
Bernard  Finn 


EDITORIAL  ADVISORY  BOARD 

James  Brittain,  Georgia  Institute  of  Technology 
Alfred  D.  Chandler,  Harvard  University 
Neil  Harris,  University  of  Chicago 
Thomas  Parke  Hughes,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Arthur  Link,  Princeton  University 
Nathan  Reingold,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Robert  C.  Schofield,  Iowa  State  University 


CORPORATE  ASSOCIATES 

William  C.  Hittinger  (chairman),  RCA  Corporation 
•Arthur  M.  Bueche,  General  Electric  Company 
Edward  J.  Bloustein,  Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  N  J. 
Cees  Bruynes,  North  American  Philips  Corporation 
Paul  J.  Christiansen,  Charles  Edison  Fund 
Philip  F.  Dietz,  Westinghouse  Electric  Corporation 
Paul  Lego,  Westinghouse  Electric  Corporation 
Roland  W.  Schmitt,  General  Electric  Corporation 
Robert  I.  Smith,  Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 
Harold  W.  Sonn,  Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 
Morris  Tanenbaum,  AT&T 


Copyright  *  1985  by  Rutgers.  The  State  University 

All  Rights  Reserved.  Mo  part  °r^f/attrievarsStem!  w  SnsmMed  °n  fny  fom  by  any  means-graphic, 
microfilm  may  be  reproduced,  stored  m  a  retnwal  ^tem.  ^  ^  taping,  0r  informaUon  storage  and 

Orange,  New  Jersey. 


Cl  £dv*>oru12i 


A  SELECTIVE  MICROFILM  EDITION 
PARTI 
(1850-1878) 


Thomas  E.  Jeffrey 

Microfilm  Editor  and  Associate  Editor 


Paul  B.  Israel 
Assistant  Editor 
Assistant  Editors: 
Toby  Appel 
Keith  A.  Nier 
Andre  Millard 


Susan  Schultz 
Assistant  Editor 
Research  Associates: 
Robert  Rosenberg 
W.  Bernard  Carlson 


Student  Assistants 

John  Deasey  Pamela  Kwiatkowski 

Leonard  De  Graaf  Joseph  P.  Sullivan 

David  Fowler  Barbara  B.  Tomblln 

Leonard  S.  Reich,  Associate  Director  and  Associate  Editor 
Reese  V.  Jenkins,  Director  and  Editor 


Sponsors 

Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  New  Jersey 
National  Park  Service,  Edison  National  Historic  Site 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Smithsonian  Institution 


University  Publications  of  America 
Frederick,  Maiyland 
1985 


I 


Centimeter 

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  mm 


i